试论中国古典园林与诗文艺术的相融相通

为更好的把握我国古典园林的文化特质和内在精神,本文从诗文艺术角度品赏中国古典园林,揭示了园林中融有诗文、诗文中融有园林,二者密不可分、水乳交融、相互渗透和借鉴的发展状态。实证分析构园和诗文创作思想及手法的息息相通之处,即都讲求意在笔先、言不尽意,情景交融、意境融彻,虚实相应、巧妙布白,起承转合、前呼后应,欲抑先扬、曲径通幽等。     

Characterization of ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation during fruit ripening in kiwifruit,Actinidia chinensis ‘Sanuki Gold’

Ethylene biosynthesis in kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis ‘Sanuki Gold’ was characterized using propylene, an ethylene analog, and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene perception. In fruit harvested between a young stage (66 days after pollination) (DAP) and an early commercial harvesting stage (143 DAP), 2 days of exposure to propylene were sufficient to initiate ethylene biosynthesis while in fruit harvested at commercial harvesting stage (154 DAP), 4 days of propylene treatment were required. This observation suggests that response of ethylene biosynthesis to propylene treatment in kiwifruit declined with fruit maturity. Propylene treatment resulted in up-regulated expression of AC-ACO1, AC-ACO2, AC-SAM1 and AC-SAM2, prior to the induction of AC-ACS1 and ethylene production, confirming that AC-ACS1 is the rate limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis in kiwifruit. Treatment of fruit with more than 5 μL L^?1 of 1-MCP after the induction of ethylene production subsequently suppressed ethylene production and expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Treatment of fruit with 1-MCP at harvest followed with propylene treatment delayed the induction of ethylene production and AC-ACS1 expression for 5 days. These observations suggest that in ripening kiwifruit, ethylene biosynthesis is regulated by positive feedback mechanism and that 1-MCP treatment at harvest effectively delays ethylene production by 5 days.     

住区环境植物景观设计探讨

对西安市区典型的几个居住区绿地植物种类及其种植形式进行了调查和分析.结果表明:所调查西安住宅区植物种植设计特色不鲜明,从种植设计特色及植物空间营造2个方面给予了讨论,同时结合一些较好的植物配置模式,提出住区植物配置的一些方法与思路,结合实景植物配置图片,以期对其它住区环境植物种植设计提供借鉴.     

基于区域协调的西部地区城乡空间整合路径探索

城镇化作为西部地区近现代社会发展的主旋律,区域协调发展作为构建社会主义和谐社会的助推器,两者之间存在着强烈的链式反应。当前西部地区业已显现"城镇化推动区域的统筹协调发展,区域协调为城镇化优化外部环境"的良性互动态势。文中从城乡社会经济协调发展的角度切入,探讨促进西部地区均衡发展的空间策略,推进西部地区现代化进程。     

新兴资源型城市景观生态构建模式研究——以陕北榆林为例

基于对因资源开发而兴盛的新兴资源型城市的整体认识,以陕北榆林为例,结合相关统计数据资料,指出其资源开发利用中存在的问题,主要在于能源产业结构单一,能源开发浪费严重;产品精深加工不够,资源综合利用水平较低;区域生态环境恶化。在此基础上,从微观、中观、宏观3个层面提出了资源型城市景观生态构建的新模式,强调从微观层面建立新型绿色能源产业发展模式,从中观层面构建循环经济的生态工业园模式,在宏观层面建立矿区整体生态恢复模式。以期对新兴资源型城市的可持续发展具有重要的启发意义。     

西安城市整体水环境的构建研究

[目的]对西安城市整体水环境的构建进行研究。[方法]从城市规划层面对"长安八水"整体恢复和构建的必要性及其基本原则进行讨论,并对从长期规划策略和逐步建设实施2个层面来实现目标的方法和途径进行探讨。[结果]提出在恢复"长安八水"城市景观基底时,必须从构筑城市整体水环境角度进行统筹规划,改变线性代谢模式,建设城市水系循环网络;结合现有城市水环境的状况,尝试就地解决城市雨、污水的自循环净化;整体考虑城市集水、存水、引水等工程的联系和贯通,由点及面逐步恢复城市作为生态节点的基本"新陈代谢功能",改善城市人居环境。[结论]主动把握古城西安创建国际化大都市的独特机会,统筹规划设计、实施和保护城市水环境系统,将有助于重塑古城水系,重建宜居城市环境;更有助于彰显"长安八水"的城市生态和文脉特征,为城市的未来发展带来无限机遇和可能。     

水生植物对农田排水沟渠氮磷迁移生态阻控效果比较研究

以亚热带红壤小流域为研究区域,选取2 m底宽、1 m深的小型农田排水沟渠,种植美人蕉(Canna indica)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、黑三棱(Sparganium stoloniferum)、灯心草(Juncus effusus)、铜钱草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)、水芹菜(Oenanthejavanica)等6种多年生水生植物,研究了农业面源污染的生态阻控技术措施及其效果。结果表明,6种水生植物的生态阻控效果差异显著(P<0.01),其生物量变化范围为0.58kg/m2～2.32kg/m2,其中以美人蕉为最大,水芹菜到夏季后进入休眠期,其生物量最低。植物体地上部N、P含量(干基)变化范围分别为N 8.06 g/kg～16.39g/kg和P 1.34 g/kg～3.82 g/kg,地下部分N、P含量变化范围分别为N 5.83 g/kg～10.80 g/kg和P 1.34 g/kg～3.35 g/kg。从生态拦截效果来看,以美人蕉对N的富集能力最强,达到23.90 g/m2,而黑三棱对P的富集能力最强(4.04 g/m2)。总的来讲,美人蕉和黑三棱在试验区具有明显的N、P生态拦截优势,其地上植株还可用作草食性动物的饲料,或者生物质覆盖还田,实现N、P资源循环利用与环境保护的有机结合。     

人工湿地不同工艺的污染物去除及微生物群落结构分析

实验监测湿地系统中ρ(TN),ρ(NH4+-N),ρ(TP),ρ(CODCr)和ρ(BOD5)的沿程变化情况,并应用PCR-DGGE技术对湿地5种运行工艺的微生物群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:不同工艺组合的污染物浓度均沿程下降,但去除效率存在一定的差异性.DGGE指纹图谱分析结果表明,不同工艺组合细菌多样性指数(H)、丰度(S)和均匀度(EH)均有所不同.其中两级潜流细菌多样性指数沿程有所增加,其余工艺细菌多样性指数沿程都略有下降;单一的潜流或表流运行工艺的微生物丰度要远小于组合工艺的微生物丰度.对不同工艺组合细菌群落相似性分析结果表明,两级潜流沿程细菌群落相似度下降,潜流+表流组合工艺沿程细菌群落相似度上升,两级表流沿程细菌群落相似度呈现出先升高后下降的趋势.     

Bedload transport in the instrumented catchment of the Rio Cordon: Part II: Analysis of the bedload rate

Sediment transport is monitored by a specially designed instrumentation installed on a steep mountain streams (the Rio Cordon). The variability of bedload rate and yield reflects the variability in flow discharge. Bedload and flow data for `ordinary' (low peak flow floods) and `exceptional' sediment transport events are used to test the range of application of the bedload equations proposed for high gradient streams. Such equations overestimate bedload rate for ordinary events while their reliability increases when used to predict high bedload transport rates like those recorded during the exceptional flood that affected Rio Cordon on September 14, 1994. The best agreement between computed and measured values of cumulated bedload volumes is found by using the Bagnold [Bagnold, R.A., 1956. The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 249A, 235–297.], Smart and Jaeggi [Smart, J.M., Jaeggi, M.N.R., 1983. Sediment transport on steep slopes. Mitteil. 64, Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie, ETH-Zürich, Switzerland, 191 pp.] and Rickenmann [Rickenmann, D., 1991. Hyperconcentrated flow and sediment transport at steep slopes. J. Hydraul. Eng., Zurig 117 (11) 1419–1439.] formulas. The Schoklitsch equation [Schoklitsch, A., 1962. Handbuch des Wasserbaues, 3rd edn. Springer, Wien.] also provides good estimations for instantaneous bedload rates at high-sediment transport intensity and unlimited sediment supply conditions. The formal type of the last equation is still valid and can be calibrated for low intensity bedload rates.