基于DEA模型的现代农业发展效率评价——以内蒙古磴口县为例

发展现代农业对于促进我国农牧交错区经济发展与生态环境安全具有重要意义。选择内蒙古磴口县,利用数据包络分析方法(DEA),从经济效率、社会效率、生态效率3个方面评价我国农牧交错区现代农业发展效率及其影响因素。研究表明:2005—2014年磴口县现代农业发展整体效率平均值为0.851,体现为无效率,纯技术效率与规模效率均有提升空间;在现代农业发展的经济、社会、生态3种效率中,社会效率相对最低,对整体无效影响较大,生态效率相对最高,经济效率、生态效率变动基本与整体效率变动相同;影响现代农业发展效率的主要原因是,经济效率损失体现为投入冗余,劳均耕地面积与农牧业机械总动力投入过多,受规模变动的影响使社会效率整体偏低,生态效率逐渐提高主要依赖于生态保护和环境治理力度的不断加强;提高现代农业发展效率需要合理确定投入要素规模,调整财政支农惠农政策,加大农业保险力度,重视生态效益和绿色发展,提升农业生态系统稳定性和生态服务功能。     

都市郊区乡村聚落景观格局特征及影响因素分析

为探究大都市城郊乡村聚落景观空间格局特征及影响因素,该文应用景观格局指数分析了上海市青浦区乡村聚落景观空间格局特征,在此基础上,运用多元Logistic回归模型和因子分析法从地理空间和社会经济2个方面探讨了该区乡村聚落景观空间格局特征的影响因素。结果表明:青浦区乡村聚落景观空间格局呈现明显的东西分异特征,斑块规模东多西少,分布东密西疏,形态东部破碎西部规整;地理空间因素和社会经济因素是影响该区乡村聚落景观空间格局的主要驱动因素;地理空间差异是塑造该区乡村聚落景观空间基本格局的首要因素,其中耕作半径、到最近国道距离和到城市中心距离是规模分异的主要影响因素,到城市中心距离、到最近城镇中心距离和到最近主要河流距离是分布分异的主要影响因素,到最近国道距离、到最近高速公路距离和到最近省道距离是形态分异的主要影响因素;而社会投入和基础设施建设、乡村工业化和农村居民收入、农村剩余劳动力转移等社会经济因素加剧了乡村聚落景观空间的异质化、空心化和破碎化,深刻改变了乡村聚落景观空间格局的内在本质。研究结果可为大都市城郊区乡村景观保护规划和土地空间整治提供重要的理论依据。     

基于综合评价的矿业废弃地整治时序确定

为确定合理的矿业废弃地整治时序,保护生态环境,迎合矿产资源型城市经济发展和产业转型的用地需求。该文以北京市门头沟区为研究区域,从生态状况、修复成本、区位条件、经济和社会因素4个层面构建了确定矿业废弃地整治时序的评价指标体系,进而构建了基于该指标体系的评价模型。兼顾行政管理的需要,将门头沟区行政村界线图、煤矿废弃地分布图进行叠加,以村作为评价单元,对各指标进行量化,确定煤矿废弃地的整治时序。研究结果表明:在北京市门头沟区,煤矿废弃地分布在45个村庄,其中,近期整治的村为16个,煤矿废弃地面积121.94 hm2;中期整治的村为19个,煤矿废弃地面积105.41 hm2;远期整治的村为10个,煤矿废弃地面积54.27 hm2,该研究结果为该区矿业废弃地整治时序的确定提供了理论支持。     

公众生态文明认知-行为逻辑路径及影响因素研究——基于疫情期公众调查

生态文明建设关系着中国梦的实现和中华民族的永续发展。生态文明是公众的基本素养,公众是生态文明体系建设的基本群体。基于新冠疫情期的线上1867份调查问卷,运用结构方程和多元线性回归模型考察了公众生态文明认知-行为特征,分析了认知-行为的逻辑路径、影响因素及城乡差异。结果表明:客观条件对公众生态文明内涵认识、认知态度以及参与意愿有正向影响,内涵认识通过中介变量认知态度对参与意愿产生正向影响;性别、年龄、学历、居住地、家庭经济对公众认知-行为影响显著,自我判断家庭经济情况对城镇公众的生态文明建设参与意愿影响显著,疫情期间的身体状况对乡村公众的认知-行为影响显著。结果提示:应着力改善区域生态环境,进一步加强公众生态文明宣传教育,重视提升公众的基本素质,制定城乡差异化的生态文明宣传教育策略,增强特殊事件期的公众生态文明行为引导。     

城市化进程中失地农民就业实证研究

失地农民是城市化与工业化的必然产物。伴随中国城市化进程,失地农民就业问题日益突出。笔者对失地农民就业情况的实证分析,提出扫除制度障碍,强化政府责任,建立以政府为主导的失地农民就业模式,为解决失地农民就业开辟新的路径。并将扶持集体经济的发展作为解决失地农民就业的重要措施。     

Sustainable land use and food security in developing countries: DLV's approach to policy support

During the past decades, major changes have taken place with regard to the available policy instruments for food security and rural development. These changes are reviewed against the background of the structural adjustment programmes carried out in the agricultural sector. The linkages between agricultural policy and farmers' supply response are discussed, emphasizing the influence of macro-policy for decision-making at the micro-level of a farm household. An integrated bio-economic modelling framework is presented that allows a better understanding of the effects of macro and sectoral policy interventions for food security and sustainable land use at the farm and (sub)regional level. Critical areas where the understanding of macro–micro linkages is still weak are identified. Major conclusions regarding a suitable analytical framework for policy analysis and support are presented.     

大都市山区沟域经济发展驱动及趋势——以北京市门头沟区为例

立足大都市及其区域一体化发展,以北京市门头沟区为例,分析沟域经济发展的自然环境诉求、社会经济驱动,探讨大都市山区沟域经济发展趋势。研究认为:大都市城市与乡村、平原与山区应高度统筹发展,山区沟域经济应纳入大都市发展规划,由二元结构型、资源型、粗放型、农户收入型向都市山区型、市场导向型、低碳集约型、产业型沟域经济发展。政府应给予相应的政策配套支持,加强基础设施建设与管理,切实推动山区经济社会又好又快发展。     

The usage,constraints and preferences of green space at disadvantage neighborhood: A review of empirical evidence

Neighborhood green space is closely related to the lives of every city dweller. However, some evidence showed that residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods do not fully use the green space due to quality, safety, and distance issues. Therefore, it is essential to understand how disadvantaged groups interact and use green space in these communities. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive evaluation. This research systematically sorts out the relevant literature and collects various attributes of the use, constraints, and preferences of the residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods on the green space through a systematic review method from the perspective of social ecology. Through a literature review of 4 databases (Science Direct, Scopus, web of science, and CNKI), 42 articles (N = 42) were finally included. This article concerns peer-reviewed papers published between 2008 and 2021. The research results showed that residents of disadvantaged communities' use of nearby green space are affected by personal, social, physical, and other attributes. Finally, a conceptual framework for the use, constraints, and preferences of disadvantaged neighborhood green space is proposed to help planners and designers design and improve community green space more effectively and ultimately achieve a harmonious living environment that meets various needs.