Effect of mulch on initial coverage of four groundcover species for low input landscaping in a Mediterranean climate

Groundcovers play a very important role in the creation of urban green spaces. They provide many agronomic and environmental benefits while simplifying the urban landscape management.In the areas with a Mediterranean-type climate, the development of low-input landscapes, with the ability to maintain their functions and aesthetical appeal, is pivotal. The aim of this study was to identify groundcover species that could be suited to the local environmental conditions and to evaluate the effect of different mulching systems on plant growth and weed suppression.Digital image analysis was used to measure the green cover percentage of four species (Hedera helix L., Hypericum calycinum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Vinca minor L.) grown on two different types of mulch (EcoCover^® and wood-chips) and on bare soil. Changes in plant coverage, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and weed biomass were recorded over a two year period.The prostrate R. officinalis established rapidly and reached more than 80% of coverage within 3 months after planting. Also, it was not affected by weed competition. Non-native H. calycinum also exhibited a quick spread, but it was unsuitable for low-input Mediterranean landscapes because it died during late summer from fungal disease. H. helix and V. minor were also adversely affected by pathogens and, due to their slow initial growth and low percent cover in the second year, they did not control weeds during the study. With the exception of R. officinalis, mulching materials did not significantly improve the establishment and cover ability of the tested species, but had significant effects on weed suppression. Digital image analysis and spectral reflectance proved to be reliable and objective techniques to assess groundcover performance.     

土壤固化剂新材料在衬砌渠道中的应用研究

在内蒙古河套灌区首次采用固化土衬砌渠道作为渠道防渗抗冻的新技术。简要说明土壤固化剂原理,通过室内试验得出固化土性能,通过施工实践总结出固化土施工工艺。应用已有和自行开发的土壤固化剂制作固化板,进行防渗、抗冻观测试验,对冻深、冻胀量、防渗效果和工程造价作出定量结论,已在大型灌区田间渠道衬砌中推广应用。     

保水剂不同施量对滑子菇和平菇生长的影响

水分是影响食用菌高产、质优的重要因素,目前我国食用菌生产中仍采用传统的补水方式,该补水方式易使菌棒受污染,且费时费力、成本高、用水量大,同时补水后菌棒内温度下降,影响菌类生长,从而降低产量。而保水剂作为一种新型高分子材料,具有良好的保水、保肥特性,并能够改善介质结构、增大孔隙度、提高作物产量等。【目的】探求促进食用菌高产与增效的新途径。【方法】以滑子菇、平菇为试验材料,在大棚内进行了保水剂不同施用量(0.5‰、1‰、2‰、3‰)下食用菌栽培试验,研究了滑子菇、平菇的生物学转化率、产量以及水分利用效率等。【结果】适宜的保水剂施用量改善了菌棒水分、氧气状况,促进了滑子菇、平菇各项指标的增加。其中,当保水剂施用质量分数为1‰时,滑子菇生物学转化率、产量及水分利用效率达到最高,分别提高12.05%、12.05%、12.33%;当保水剂施用质量分数为2‰时,平菇生物学转化率、产量及水分利用效率达到最高,分别提高48.24%、48.24%、31.91%。【结论】在滑子菇、平菇栽培基质中,建议保水剂施用质量分数为1‰～2‰。     

膨润土防水毯新材料在衬砌渠道中的应用研究

在内蒙古河套灌区首次采用膨润土防水毯衬砌渠道作为渠道防渗抗冻的新技术。简要说明膨润土防水毯原理,通过室内试验得出膨润土防水毯性能,通过施工实践总结出膨润土防水毯施工工艺。应用已有和自行开发的膨润土防水毯,进行防冻、抗渗观测试验,对冻深、冻胀量、防渗效果和工程造价作出定量结论,已在大型灌区节水改造工程中推广应用。     

科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨防护林带间植被与土壤特性变化

[目的] 以科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨(Populus simonii)防护林为研究区域，研究防护林带间植被修复与土壤发育的最适行带配置模式，为科尔沁沙地人工造林提供科学依据。 [方法] 对4种不同带间距的行带式小叶杨防护林带间植物群落多样性、土壤理化性质及其相关性进行研究。 [结果] 带间距的大小对小叶杨防护林带间植被与土壤恢复有明显影响，植被恢复与土壤恢复是相辅相成的。① 自然状态下防护林带间物种多样性及群落稳定性具体表现为：带间距10 m＞6 m＞4 m＞2 m； ②土壤含水量及土壤养分(有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量表现为：带间距10 m＞6 m＞4 m＞2 m，土壤容重为：带间距10 m＜6 m＜4 m＜2 m； ③在0-60 cm土层深度中，不同带间距小叶杨防护林带间物种多样性指数与土壤理化性质呈现出不同程度的显著或极显著相关(p＜0.05)，其中与各物种多样性指数相关性最大的为土壤容重，与各土壤理化性质相关性最明显的物种多样性指数为Margalef丰富度指数。 [结论] 在科尔沁沙地奈曼沙区小叶杨人工造林过程中，适当增大行带式小叶杨造林带间距，能够有效提高林地生产水平与生态效益。综合考虑带间植被与土壤恢复，造林带间距达到10 m为宜。