胶东果园土壤电导率的时空分布特征及Kriging估值

应用传统统计学和地统计学方法,分析了2005年4~11月期间烟台农科院苹果园土壤电导率的空间变异性,并进行了Moran’s I系数分析和Kriging估值。结果表明:土壤电导率具有明显的空间变异性,半方差函数和Moran’s I系数分析说明了4月30日、6月29日和11月16日的空间自相关范围较大,相关性较强;4月20日、7月14日和8月16日的变程偏小,空间相关性较弱。土壤电导率的均值和变异系数随时间变化总体上近似呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,在空间分布上不同时期果园表层土壤电导率分布格局差异较大,土壤电导率的破碎化比较严重。     

基于表层水分信息的胶东樱桃园深层土壤水分估算研究

在樱桃生长旺期,利用Trime土壤水分速测系统测定的果园土壤水分,建立了土壤水分随深度的变化曲线,以及利用表层水分进行深层水分的预测模型.结果表明,0~90 cm范围内土壤水分变异幅度较大,0~90 cm以下土壤水分变异系数明显降低.除个别经验关系预测精度较差外,0~50 cm范围内各层与50 cm以下深层水分间的拟合效果较好,其相对误差均在4.7%内.利用0~50 cm水分进行深层水分预测,相对误差小于1%的占34.7%,介于1~3%的占55.6%,与其它0~50 cm内各层的预测误差相比明显偏低.因而     

果园0-100cm根系层TDR-LEVEL值的分布特征研究

利用德国产TRIME-T3测量系统测定土壤电导率的相关值及土壤含水率。通过对果园土壤电导率相关值的研究,得到了TDR-LEVEL在垂直方向上的分布特征,即在0-100 cm范围内TDR-LEVEL受外界影响比较明显,分布规律性差;100-180 cm范围内土壤电导率相关值呈现出先降低后增加的分布趋势。随时间的变化,土壤电导率相关值呈现出先降低后增加的动态规律,与相对应的土壤含水量的变化趋势相反,并在TDR-LEVEL垂直方向上分布特征的基础上建立了0-30 cm内各层与0-100 cm层的经验关系模型。     

烟台棕壤土饱和导水率的初步研究

该文利用单环入渗的概化解,对不同土地利用方式下烟台棕壤土的饱和导水率进行了研究,同时分析了不同单环直径对求解饱和导水率产生的影响。研究结果表明：草地、裸地和道路的入渗速率、累积入渗量和饱和导水率呈现依次降低的变化趋势,利用直径为20、30和45 cm的入渗环得到的饱和导水率具有明显的差异性。根据求解的饱和导水率计算的累积入渗量非常接近实测值,整体相对误差很小,草地、裸地和道路,在5、7和40 m in后浮动在5%以内;在15、43和55 m in后变化幅度小于1%。20、30和45 cm入渗环累积入渗量计算值的相对误差初始阶段波动较大,随后逐渐趋于平稳。     

The response of short-duration pigeonpea lines to variation in temperature under field conditions in Kenya

Field studies with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) were conducted at four locations in Kenya varying in altitude and where temperature decreased with increase in altitude. Warm temperatures (most inductive temperatures, mean 23.5°C) hastened the times from sowing to flowering (f) and maturity (m), and between flowering and maturity (fm). Cool temperatures (17.8°C) delayed f, m, and fm but the delay was most pronounced for fm. In the least inductive cool environment, variation in f, m and fm was greatest among 63 lines developed in India. Compared to the most inductive temperature, the delay in cool environment was 2.2 for f, 3.1 for m, and 5.5 for fm, which indicates that fm is the most sensitive phase to low (sub-optimal) temperatures.Equations that describe the rates of development (1/f, 1/m, and 1/fm) were used to determine progress to different stages of development. Results revealed that optimum temperature for fastest time to flowering varied from 23.1 to 26.1°C. The 1/f at mean temperature of 26.8°C was slower, indicating that the mean temperature experienced was supra-optimal. Since the mean temperature of 26.8°C was not very different from the range considered optimal, further analysis revealed that this was mainly due to the high night temperatures. The 1/fm was strong and positive in the range of temperature tested indicating that warm temperatures shortened the duration between flowering and maturity. The optimum temperature range for this effect varied from 24 to 32°C. Cool temperatures at Kabete retarded plant growth while warm temperatures enhanced it.     

苹果园表层与深层土壤水分的转换关系研究

2005年4-10月期间利用Trime土壤水分速测系统。测定苹果园内0-180cm范围内的土壤水分。建立了土壤水分随深度变化曲线及利用表层水分进行深层水分的预测模型。结果表明，0—50cm范围内土壤水分变化剧烈为强变异，50cm以下土壤水分变化随深度增加逐渐变弱星中等强度变异。0—10cm和0-30cm土层与深层水分的拟合效果较差，预测结果相对误差大于10％的占55．56％和50．00％。利用0-50cm土层水分进行深层水分预测时精度较高．预测结果中相对误差小于10％的占88．89％．最大相对误差为12．98％，且以经验关系的预测效果最为理想。故本地区进行深层水分预测的最佳表层土壤深度为0-50cm土层。