Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.     

不同发育时期板栗叶肉细胞中叶绿体淀粉和质体小球的变化

对板栗在春季折叠的幼叶和平展生长的幼叶、夏季成熟叶和秋季老叶的叶肉细胞中的叶绿体做了透射电镜观察,结果表明,春季折叠的幼叶的叶绿体中不含淀粉和质体小球,平展生长的幼叶含淀粉粒没有质体小球;夏季成熟叶的叶绿体中淀粉最多并出现极少量质体小球;秋季衰老叶的叶绿体中淀粉粒减少直至消失,质体小球数量激增;有的质体小球在叶绿体内被一层膜包围并降解。根据染色特点,可将质体小球分为黑色和灰色2类。淀粉减少及质体小球增多与叶绿体功能衰退相关。     

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308ΔwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308ΔwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308ΔwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308ΔwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308ΔwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质性状与环境效应 基因型差异研究

以8个不同来源的甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型为材料,研究了4种不同密、肥(氮素)处理条件下粒色及其它主要品质性状的变化。结果表明:不同来源的甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型,其粒色等品质性状存在极显著差异;甘蓝型黄籽油菜的品质性状主要决定于基因遗传效应,同时密肥效应和基因型与密肥的互作效应对甘蓝型黄籽油菜的品质也有极显著影响。不同基因型甘蓝型黄籽油菜的品质性状在密肥处理间变异程度不同。     

Prepro-orexin基因多样性与猪产仔数的相关性

为了研究Prepro-orexin基因多样性与繁殖性能的关系，确立其在分子标记育种中的应用价值。本研究采用PCR-RFLP法分析猪Prepro-orexin基因第62位多态性位点在二花脸、香猪、淮猪和姜曲海猪4个品种中的多样性，并分析其不同基因型对二花脸猪产仔数的影响。结果表明，二花脸和香猪分别检出三种基因型，姜曲海猪有两种基因型，而淮猪只有一种基因型。各等位基因频率和基因型频率在不同品种间存在显著差异；二花脸猪不同基因型群体间产仔数差异不显著，说明该基因多样性对产仔数的影响不显著     

PEG渗透胁迫下3份大麦材料幼苗叶片抗旱生理特性分析

以甘啤4号、哈瑞特和D- 22大麦为材料,测定不同浓度PEG6000(5％、10％、15％、20％、25％和30％)渗透胁迫处理下大麦幼苗叶片的相对含水量、Pro含量等生理指标,分析PEG渗透胁迫模拟干旱对大麦生理生化特性的影响.结果表明,随着PEG溶液浓度的增加,三个材料的大麦幼苗叶片的相对含水量均下降,而脯氨酸含量...     

玉米根际细菌中PGPR的筛选及初步鉴定

通过离体拮抗试验和检测菌株产生铁载体的情况从玉米根际细菌中筛选出 8株拮抗菌和2 6株铁载体产生菌 ,其中 DC0 1、DC0 9、DC2 2、PY313既具有真菌抗性又能产生铁载体 ,并对部分菌株进行了初步鉴定     

施氮量对低谷蛋白水稻产量及品质的影响

【目的】探明施氮量对低谷蛋白水稻Oryza sativa产量及品质的影响。【方法】在大田栽培条件下,设置5个施氮处理,N0、N1、N2、N3和N4处理的施氮量分别为0、90、135、180和225 kg·hm~(-2),研究不同氮肥水平对低谷蛋白水稻‘ER22’产量、籽粒蛋白质组分含量和比例、以及稻米品质的影响。【结果】在施氮量为0～180 kg·hm~(-2)的范围内,有效穗数、结实率、实粒数和水稻产量随着施氮量的增加而逐渐增加;但在N4处理下,结实率与实粒数均下降,导致产量降低。花后7～35 d,‘ER22’籽粒总蛋白含量及各组分蛋白含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加,但各组分蛋白的比例不变;花后35 d籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量在N2、N3和N4处理间差异均不显著,而醇溶蛋白含量则在N2、N3和N4处理间差异均显著,谷蛋白含量在N3和N4处理间无显著差异。‘ER22’稻米的食味品质在N1和N2处理下表现良好,N3处理的稻米加工品质最好,N4处理的稻米综合品质降低。【结论】实现低谷蛋白水稻‘ER22’高产优质的适宜施氮范围在135～180 kg·hm~(-2)之间。     

Comparison of susceptibility of various fish species to experimental infection with channel catfish virus

Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is an acute haemorrhagic disease in juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). To date channel catfish is the only species affected by natural outbreaks of the CCV but juvenile large mouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and silurus ( Silurus meriaionalis ) have suffered high mortalities in recent years in China. Histopathological phenomenon of sick fish is similar to CCV disease, and the identified virus was CCV. In this report, the pathogenicity of infectious CCV was examined by infection trials on the first known host species, the channel catfish and other teleosts. Our results indicated that there were higher detection rates of CCV from large mouth bass and silurus fish. Channel catfish virus did not induce mortality in other cypriniformes, but histopathological studies revealed that carp might be infected by both bathing and intraperitoneal infection. No deaths, clinical or histopathological signs, were found in the six other species exposed by immersion or injection. Experimental infection studies confirm that CCV infect not only channel catfish but also other species (large mouth bass, silutus and carp). The outbreaks of CCV disease only occurred when the cultured temperature was above 25 °C.