(土娄)土剖面CO_2释放通量的变异特征

采用碱液吸收法,对(土娄)土剖面CO2通量进行连续1年的定位观测研究。结果表明:(土娄)土剖面CO2通量具有明显的、较为复杂的季节变化规律,8月下旬最高,冬季最低;一般情况下观测期间耕作区(土娄)土剖面CO2通量呈现表层低-中部高-底层低的分布特征;休闲区(土娄)土剖面CO2通量的季节变化和剖面变化与耕作区相类似,但是在土剖面CO2通量的变化剧烈程度和复杂性方面,耕作区表现的更为明显。土壤温度是影响土剖面CO2通量的主要因素,二者间存在极显著的指数函数相关关系(P0.01);土壤含水量与土剖面CO2通量之间也有着一定的相关关系,但是与土壤温度相比其属于次要地位。土壤CO2释放通量与土壤含水量之间存在一个最适土壤含水量,随着剖面深度的增加,最适土壤含水量逐渐增大。     

山西省北部地区玉米化肥施用现状——基于应县大黄巍乡玉米种植户施肥状况调研

通过系统分析山西省朔州市应县玉米种植户化肥投入现状发现,农户的玉米平均产量为10.3 t/hm~2,平均施肥总量为465 kg/hm~2,氮、磷、钾肥的用量分别为262、123、84 kg/hm~2,氮、磷、钾偏生产力分别为42、69、135 kg/kg。基于土壤养分测试,该地区推荐的氮、磷、钾施肥量分别为225、90、45 kg/hm~2。与推荐施肥量相比,氮、磷、钾肥施用过量农户的比例分别为75%、81%和93%。过量的养分投入并没有显著增加玉米产量。     

Fungal community composition in sodic soils subjected to long-term rice cultivation

ABSTRACT

Rice cultivation is widely used to improve saline-sodic soils in Northeast China. However, the chronological effect of rice cultivation on soil fungal communities has not been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the variation of soil fungal communities in different rice cultivation years. Compared with the blank area, the rice cultivation for 20 years significantly decreased the pH and electrical conductivity by 16.6% and 70.1%, while significantly increased the soil organic carbon and available phosphorus by 90.6% and 17.4 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota significantly decreased and increased after rice cultivation, respectively. Moreover, some genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), e.g. Corymbiglomus, Glomus, and Rhizophagus, and pathogenic fungi (Thanatephorus cucumeris) disappeared, while Dentiscutata (one genus of AMF) appeared after rice cultivation. In addition, the fungal richness significantly increased when the rice cultivation less than 15 years and the fungal communities were similar between 15 and 20 years. Our findings showed that rice cultivation improved the nutrient availability and reduced salinity-alkalinity stress of sodic soils. After the rice cultivation for 15 years, the soil fungal community tended to be stable.     

生态输水对塔里木河下游胡杨主干径向生长量影响研究——以依干不及麻断面为例

借鉴树木年轮学的方法,运用LINTABTM6型树木年轮测定仪读取钻芯的年轮宽度,研究塔里木河下游的胡杨在生态输水前后主干径向生长量变化规律.结果表明:(1)输水前后胡杨主干径向生长量变化较明显.输水前(1990-1999年)径向生长量为1.078mm,而输水后(2000-2008年)是1.764mm,比输水前增加了0....