不同氮磷配比对旱作土壤养分和油葵产量的影响

采用调查分析、田间试验等方法,研究了旱作土壤条件下油用向日葵氮磷肥的吸肥特性和对氮磷肥的吸收规律。结果表明:不同厚度(0～20cm)和(20～40cm)的土壤对养分的吸收呈现动态的变化特点,施氮270.0kg/hm2时吸收氮素分别为47.5和35.7mg/kg,相差24.8%;油葵产量为2 604.0kg/hm2,施磷100.05kg/hm2时吸收磷素分别为28.4和21.5mg/kg,相差24.2%,油葵产量为3 199.5kg/hm2。     

Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from infections in cats and dogs throughout Europe (2002–2009)

A monitoring program of the pre-treatment susceptibility of clinical isolates of bacteria from diseased dogs and cats was active between the years 2002 and 2009. Susceptibility of each isolated strain to a panel of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was assessed. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin was also determined by a standardized microdilution technique following CLSI recommendations. In total, 1857 bacterial strains were collected throughout Europe from cases of otitis, respiratory, urinary and dermatological infections. Although bacterial susceptibility varied for each of the antibiotics within the panel, patterns of susceptibility were similar to those described in the literature for comparable time periods and geographical areas. With a clinical resistance varying from 0 to 14.48% against the isolated strains, marbofloxacin susceptibility was very high and remains an effective antibiotic for the treatment of otitis, urinary, respiratory and dermatological infections in companion animals.     

SNPs在荷斯坦青年公牛选育中的应用研究

本试验以25头荷斯坦青年种公牛为研究对象,以8头验证种公牛的各8头女儿共计64头中国荷斯坦牛为参照群体,利用DNA测序方法检测κ-CN基因、leptin基因、DGAT1基因、DGAT2基因的SNP位点,结果共发现7个SNP位点,并利用7个SNP的标记效应对25头青年荷斯坦种公牛生产性能进行了基因组育种值估测。结果发现s1、s2、s3、s4、s5、s6、s7、s10、s11、s13、s16、s18、s19、s20、s21、s22、s23和s24青年公牛生产性能高,s8、s9、s12、s14、s15、s17、s25公牛生产性能低。     

宁夏枸杞红瘿蚊发生的气象等级预报

根据宁夏枸杞红瘿蚊在不同湿度沙土和壤土内的出土率试验结果,确定了不同土壤类型的枸杞红瘿蚊孵化出土的适宜土壤水分条件。根据枸杞红瘿蚊羽化出土后的危害率与气象条件的关系,建立了田间危害程度的气象关系模型和指标。结果表明,该模型对枸杞红瘿蚊羽化后的危害高峰期模拟、判断准确,但对夏末以后的预测检验存在一定误差。     

宁南半干旱黄土丘陵区农、草、畜结构优化

根据农业种植业和草畜业协调发展的原则,以农业种植、牧草生产及畜禽养殖取得最佳配合,总体获得最大效益为目标,对宁南半干旱区彭阳县中庄试验示范区农、草、畜结构进行优化,经优化,单位面积耕地粮食作物小麦(Triticum aestivum)、荞麦(Fagopyrun esculentum)及糜子(Panicum miliaceum)的种植比例分别为28%、3%和70%;经济类作物玉米(Zea mays)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、胡麻(Linum usitatissimum)、三角豆（Cicer arietinum）的种植比例分别为79%、16%、4%和2%。单位面积耕地牛、羊、猪的饲养量分别为3.7头、4.3只和1.7头;单位面积种植耕地的农业种植、饲草种植及畜禽养殖纯收益达到16 116.84元/hm2,比优化前提高了54.41%。优化结果对同类地区生态农业发展结构调整具有一定指导意义。     

水稻病害图像无参考质量评价方法研究

无参考图像质量评价是一个比较新的研究领域,在这一领域中如何选择好的图像以提高模式识别系统的识别效率是一个重要的研究内容.为此,以水稻病害图像为研究对象,在借鉴传统图像质量评价方法的基础上,分析了影响图像质量的部分因素;同时提出了综合像素空间边缘分布、颜色分布、色相计数、模糊度、清晰度和对比度几个方面的整体质量评价方法.实验证明:利用本文提出的方法所得出的图像质量评估得分与模式识别系统的识别结果相一致,并能显著提高模式识别系统的识别效率,为农作物病害图像质量评价提供了一种新思路.     

枸杞果实发育阶段类胡萝卜素的变化

以3种果实颜色不同品种宁杞1号、宁夏黄果和黑果枸杞为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱法测定枸杞果实类胡萝卜素的总含量,并对枸杞果实发育阶段的类胡萝卜素进行定性定量分析。结果表明:果实成熟时,‘宁杞1号’、‘宁夏黄果’、 ‘黑果枸杞’果实颜色存在明显差异,分别呈现红色、黄色和黑色。‘宁杞1号’和‘宁夏黄果’果实类胡萝卜素总量随着果实颜色加深逐渐增加,而‘黑果枸杞’则逐渐减低。枸杞果实5个发育阶段均含有类胡萝卜素5个主要成分,即新黄质、叶黄素、玉米黄素、β-胡萝卜素和β-隐黄质,其中‘宁杞1号’和‘宁夏黄果’以玉米黄素所占比例最大,而‘黑果枸杞’以新黄质所占比例最大。‘宁杞1号’和‘宁夏黄果’果实中玉米黄素、β-隐黄质和β-胡萝卜素随着果实发育逐渐增加,‘黑果枸杞’果实中新黄质随着果实发育逐渐增加。     

宁夏引黄灌区土壤盐渍化现状与改良

引黄灌区总面积64.23万hm2,盐渍化相对面积39.72%,自流灌区48.92%。20年来,土壤盐渍化发展趋势是总体稳定局部加重。其主要原因是渠道砌护率低,灌排设施老化失修,新垦耕地面积增大,城镇建设和工业化占用非盐渍化耕地面积增大,因管理欠科学,局部地段科学轮作制度受扰及高位扬黄灌区对自流灌区浸渍危害。相应的治理措施是加强渠道砌护及沟道坍塌治理,加速新垦盐荒地的沃土建设,在节水前提下提高灌溉管理水平,在高位扬水灌区与低位自流灌区间建设防浸沟。     

National REDD + reference levels deduced from the global deforestation curve

This article proposes an approach to one of the most prominent problems for the establishment of a REDD + regime — namely reference level determination. We have developed a standardised approach for the consideration of national circumstances in REDD + reference levels, which applies the global curve of forest cover development as the benchmark for accounting of avoided deforestation. The approach draws on the identification and empirical quantification of a global deforestation curve which was created by applying the forest transition concept (Köthke et al., 2013). By the underlying regression model the most relevant national circumstances were identified as the average of 140 countries. These national circumstances represent the development stages of the individual countries, from which their future forest cover development in the global average can be determined.By applying national data for estimating the corresponding average development the article identifies national reference levels for 86 REDD + target countries which are still in their deforestation phase. It is estimated by how much actual deforestation in each country deviates from the mean deforestation curve; the period considered is 2005–2010. This is the first time a uniform global deforestation pattern was used to determine the consideration of national circumstances in REDD + reference levels. The quantitative results provided here may be an important basis for further policy discussions about reference level determination.     

进一步提升银川市道路绿化水平的措施

分析了银川市道路绿化中存的主要问题,提出了应从选用乡土树种、增加生物多样性、提高施工和养护水平等方面提升道路绿化水平的措施。