Two new diterpene derivatives from Euphorbia lunulata Bge and their anti-proliferative activities

A new ent-abietane-type diterpene lactone (1) and a new jatrophane-type diterpenoid (2), together with twelve known compounds including three diterpenes (3–5), five triterpenes (6–10) and four sterides (11–14) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Euphorbia lunulata Bge. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and the HR-ESI-MS data. The structure of compound 2 was further analyzed by an X-ray crystallographic study. The in vitro anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cell lines for compounds 1–5 (diterpene) were evaluated. The results showed marked activity for compound 1 against the two cell lines with the IC₅₀ values 19.5 (NCI-H460) and 18.6 (MCF-7) μM, while for cis-platinum (a positive cytotoxic control agent) 29.7 (NCI-H460) and 27.7 (MCF-7) μM. Compounds 2–5 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities for the two cell lines with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 32.1 to 58.2 μM.     

新疆灌溉农业发展与节水潜力分析

分析了新疆灌溉农业的大发展及取得的成就，针对经济社会可持续发展对水资源有续利用的客观要求，对农业灌区的节水现状进行了探讨，并从地表水资源可利用量、输水系统节水潜力、平原水库增蓄水潜力及田间灌溉节水潜力等方面对灌溉用水的节水潜力问题进行了较全面的分析和研究。     

Development of a vision-based automatic vaccine injection system for flatfish

Traditionally, flatfish vaccination has been performed manually a laborious and time-consuming, procedure with low accuracy. The handling requirement also makes it prone to contamination. With a view to eliminating these drawbacks, we designed an automatic vaccine system in which the injection is delivered by a Cartesian coordinate robot (also called a linear robot) guided by a vision system. The automatic vaccine injection system is driven by an injection site location algorithm that uses a template-matching technique. The proposed algorithm was designed to derive the time and possible angles of injection by comparing a search area with a template. The algorithm is able to vaccinate various sizes of flatfish, even when they are loaded at different angles. We validated the performance of the proposed algorithm by analyzing the injection error according to randomly generated loading angles. The proposed algorithm allowed an injection rate of 2000 per hour on average. Vaccination of flatfish with a body length of up to 500 mm was possible, even when the orientation of the fish was random. The injection errors in various sizes of flatfish were very small, ranging from 0 to 0.6 mm.     

昆仑山西段北坡天然草地营养类型研究

对昆仑山天然草地实地考察,采集混合草群样品分析其化学成分,按照全国统一标准和方法对昆仑山天然草地进行了营养类型划分。结果表明,昆仑山西段的天然草地可分为4个营养型,分布于低山带的草地是碳氮-灰分型,在中低山分布面积较广的是氮碳-灰分型,在海拔3200～3600m的亚高山草地的营养型为碳氮型,在海拔3600～4000m的高山区为氮碳型。这是由于不同的生境生长着与之相适应的植物种类,在特定的物候期就具有不同的营养类型。     

豆科植物种子干粉拌种处理对伽师瓜种子发芽及植株生长的影响

【目的】研究比较在室外盆栽条件下,几种豆科植物种子干粉拌种处理对伽师瓜种子发芽及植株生长的影响,筛选出对伽师瓜种子发芽抑制作用较小,且对伽师瓜植株生长具有较好促进作用的豆科植物,为苦豆子绿肥开发提供依据。【方法】以伽师瓜为供试作物,选取苦豆子、三叶草、苜蓿、豌豆、豇豆和绿豆等6种豆科植物为试材,研究不同豆科植物种子干粉对伽师瓜种子发芽、伽师瓜植株形态以及相关生理生化指标的影响。【结果】三叶草种子干粉处理的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均最小,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为(65.0±0.105)、(62.5±0.088)和(1.188±0.173),绿豆种子干粉处理的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数均大于其他处理组,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为(82.5±0.068)、(80.0±0.112)和(1.425±0.176),绿豆种子干粉对伽师瓜种子萌发的抑制性最弱。苦豆子种子干粉处理的伽师瓜植株高度、植株粗度和叶片总面积第5次测量的净增长量分别为(160.313±22.129)、(0.373±0.107)和(160.313±22.129)。苦豆子种子干粉处理的伽师瓜植株总干重和叶片叶绿素含量分别为(4.220±0.157)和(0.445±0.018)。【结论】与其他豆科植物相比,苦豆子种子干粉对伽师瓜植株形态以及相关生理生化指标具有更好的促进作用。在开发伽师瓜绿肥时,苦豆子种子可以作为优先选择对象。     

具有初速度的落体偏东问题

落体偏东是科里奥利力对沿竖直方向运动的物体的作用结果,为了更进一步了解地球自转对落体的影响,讨论了在纬度为λ高h的上空,物体的初速度为ν,方向为南北方向的落体偏值计算,以及在纬度为λ高h的上空,物体初速度为ν,方向为东西方向的落体偏值计算.     

盐胁迫对扁桃砧木叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性的影响

以温室盆栽的3种扁桃砧木为材料,研究了不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4和不同胁迫时间对其叶片活性氧代谢变化的影响.结果表明:NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫下,石头扁桃,桃扁桃和毛桃叶片中POD、CAT活性均随盐浓度的增加而升高,而随着盐胁迫时间的延长其活性有所下降,但都高于对照.SOD活性均随盐浓度的增加先升高后下降,而且后期下降幅度很大.与NaCl胁迫相比,Na2SO4胁迫下这3种砧木叶片中POD、CAT和SOD活性低.从2种盐胁迫下POD、CAT和SOD活性变化规律初步判断这3种砧木的抗盐能力强弱为桃扁桃＞毛桃＞石头扁桃.     

不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄冠层光合及产量的影响

以“保红一号”番茄为试材,采用单干整枝方式研究不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄功能叶片冠层光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量的影响.结果表明:番茄净光合速率、叶绿素含量在植株上、中、下部冠层间随不同密度的冠高和叶位差异明显.中、上部净光合速率、叶绿素含量高,下部低,3 000株/667m2(留5穗果)各冠层叶位间叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈正相关,表现出冠层净光合速率、叶绿素含量和产量最高.表明适合阿克苏地区冬春茬日光温室番茄生产的适宜密度为3 000株/667m2(留5穗果),总产量最高,达到7 806.3 kg/667m2.     

诺普丰叶面肥在温室番茄上的应用研究

以番茄品种“印帝安”为试材,采用叶面喷施方法,研究了不同叶面肥对温室番茄的作用效果.结果表明:叶面喷施诺普丰的番茄茎粗、单果重和单产均高于对照,喷施诺普丰对单果重影响最大,增产率达到5.84％.     

喀什地区近10a绿洲耕地变化及其地下水位效应分析

根据喀什地区绿洲耕地面积和地下水位实测数据,分析近10a来耕地面积和地下水的变化特征及其之间的关性。分析表明：1）近10a绿洲耕地面积呈现波动增加的态势,年均增长率3.40%,人均耕地面积经历从减少到增加的变化过程,年均递增1.14%;耕地空间变化区域差异明显,巴楚县耕地变化率最大,年均达11.49%,岳普湖县最低,为...