中草药的免疫调节作用

中草药中某些活性成分具有免疫调节作用,参与机体特异性免疫和非特异性免疫的过程。文章主要阐述了中草药某些活性成分对淋巴系统的T、B细胞、巨噬细胞、红细胞、细胞因子和天然杀伤细胞的免疫促进作用及对肿瘤抑制作用。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒免疫生物学最新研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是对养猪业危害最严重的病原之一,猪和野猪是其唯一的自然宿主,野猪可呈隐性携带传播病毒,在该病流行中的作用需要给予重视。近20 a来,有关免疫方面的研究比较多,尽管疫苗已经应用很多年,但是它却不能提供全面的保护作用。本文着重从病毒受体、抗病毒先天性免疫反应、病毒的免疫调节以及获得性免疫反应的特征与作用等病毒的免疫生物学方面展开讨论,并就未来的研究提出一些建议,希望对推动野猪养殖业的健康发展提供一定的帮助。     

复方中药多糖对体外脾淋巴细胞增殖、NO生成和蛋白激酶G的影响

将5种不同浓度复方中药多糖(CPPS)加入到小鼠脾淋巴细胞中培养48 h,观察CPPS对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、对体外培养的脾淋巴细胞中NO的生成和蛋白激酶G(PKG)活性的影响。结果显示,CPPS能显著提高淋巴细胞增殖,显著升高细胞培养液中NO的生成,细胞内PKG活性明显提高,且CPPS、NO和PKG与淋巴细胞增殖有一定相关性。CPPS可能通过NO介导信号通路,引起第二信使环化鸟苷酸(cGMP)生成,从而提高PKG活性促进淋巴细胞的增殖,发挥其免疫调节作用。     

水溶性茄子皮色素稳定性研究

以茄子皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取红色素,并研究该色素的稳定性。结果表明:茄子皮色素在可见光区最大吸收波长为520 nm,为水溶性色素,在pH≤3时稳定,适合在酸性条件下使用。色素经高温处理后其吸光度值无明显改变;经自然光、紫外线照射后,吸光度值略有下降,颜色没有明显变化。除Al3+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Fe2+外,其他金属离子对色素稳定性没有不良影响;葡萄糖、蔗糖和可溶性淀粉对色素稳定性也没有不良影响;K2S2O8、Vc对其具有护色作用,NaClO、H2O2、Na2S2O3和高浓度的苯甲酸钠可使色素颜色发生改变。茄子皮红色素是一种值得开发的天然食用色素资源。     

不同茸毛性状辣椒干旱胁迫的相关生理指标分析

以不同茸毛性状的3个近等基因辣椒系为试材,利用盆栽试验,研究干旱胁迫处理对不同茸毛性状辣椒植株的生理指标的影响,并测定了植株总生物量。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱胁迫下不同茸毛性状辣椒叶片的游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,以多茸毛变异系增加量最多,为17.98倍;叶片丙二醛含量显著增加,以多茸毛变异系的增加量最少,为29.13%;超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性都增加,增加量以多茸毛变异系最多。3个近等基因系的植株总生物量降低率差异显著,以多茸毛变异系最少,为29.98%。     

TGA对蟾蜍免疫器官指数及肥大细胞数量的影响

以健康的中华蟾蜍为实验动物,用组织切片和器官称重方法研究不同染毒剂量和时间对于免疫器官指数和肥大细胞数量的影响,并对其作用机理进行初步探讨.结果显示,随染毒疏基乙酸(TGA)剂量增加和时间延长免疫器官指数呈现下降趋势,其中脾脏指数显著降低(P<0.01),胸腺指数降低不显著(P>0.05);可引起免疫器官肥大细胞数量降低,差异显著(P<0.05).表明TGA可以显著抑制蟾蜍的免疫功能,且有一定时间和剂量累积效应.     

Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Interaction Between Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase and Citrate Synthase

Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase （mMDH） and citrate synthase （CS） are sequential enzymes in Krebs cycle. mMDH, CS and the complex between mMDH and CS （mMDH＋CS） were treated with nitric oxide solution. The roles of notric oxide （NO） on the secondary structures and the interactions between mMDH and CS were studied using circular diehroism （CD） and Fourier transform surface plasmon resonance （FT-SPR）, respectivley. The effects of NO on the activities of mMDH, CS and mMDH＋CS were also studied. And the regulations by NO on mMDH and CS were simulated by PyMOL software. The results of SPR conifrmed that strong interaction between mMDH and CS existed and NO could signiifcantly regulate the interaction between the two enzymes. NO reduced the mass percents ofα-helix and increased that of random in mMDH, CS and mMDH＋CS. NO increased the activities of CS and mMDH＋CS, and inhibited the activity of mMDH. Graphic simulation indicated that covalent bond was formed between NO and Asn242 in active site of CS. However, there was no direct bond between NO and mMDH. The increase in activity of mMDH＋CS complex depended mostly on the interaction between NO and CS. All the results suggested that the regulations by NO on the activity and interaction between mMDH and CS were accord with the changes in mMDH, CS and mMDH＋CS caused by NO.     

分子氨对黄河鲤鱼血清抗氧化反应的影响

为了探讨养殖水域中分子氨对水生生物的毒性效应,在前期毒性试验的基础上设置3个试验组(分子氨质量浓度分别为0.071,0.143,0.284mg/L)、1个对照组对黄河鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temmink etSchlegel)进行毒性试验,在试验的7,14,28,35d取样检测,测定试验鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力和丙二醛(MDA)质量浓度.结果表明:随着分子氨质量浓度的增加,黄河鲤鱼血清中SOD酶活力呈先升后降的趋势,质量浓度为0.28mg/L时,SOD活力低于对照组,GSH-Px的活力和MDA质量浓度呈现上升的趋势,方差分析表明分子氨极显著地提高血清MDA质量浓度(p<0.01),二者存在剂量—效应关系;随着分子氨暴露时间的延长,SOD活力呈下降趋势,MDA质量浓度呈上升趋势,方差分析差异不显著(p>0.05).在试验质量浓度范围内分子氨可降低鲤鱼抗氧化能力,且MDA可作为一种有效的生物标志物评价分子氨的毒性.     

Insect-mediated seed-set evaluation of 21 soybean lines segregating for male sterility at 10 different loci

The cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (CpTI) and neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) were introduced into the embryonic callus cells of immature embryos of wheat elite line Shannong 995604 using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Independent plantlets were regenerated from kanamycin-resistant calli. PCR and real time PCR analysis, PCR-Southern and Southern blot hybridization indicated that there were three independently-dervied transgenic plants viz. transformed-I, II and III (T-I, T-II and T-III). The segregation of CpTI in the transgenic wheat progenies of T-Iand T-III were consistent with Mendelian inheritance. Resistance to the storage insect pest of wheat viz. the grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella Olivier) was improved significantly in seeds of the three transgenic wheat T₂ lines obtained from T₁ PCR-positive plants. The frequency of moth-eaten seed from T-I, T-IIand T-III was reduced 66.76%, 62.48% and 43.59% respectively. The investigation of agronomic traits of the three transgenic wheat T₁ PCR-positive plants revealed that the three transgenic lines had excellent agronomic traits. They provide good germplasm resource for wheat genetic improvement.     

亚热带3种森林类型的群落特征与物种多样性的耦合关系

准确把握森林群落特征与其物种多样性的耦合关系是林分管理的基础。选择亚热带3种地带性森林类型,分别为季风常绿阔叶林（米槠林）、天然针叶林（马尾松林）和落叶-常绿阔叶混交林（闽桦-闽楠林）,调查了乔木层、灌木层、草本层和藤本植物群落特征（高度、胸径、冠幅、盖度等）并计算了不同层次物种多样性,旨在探讨森林群落特征与物种多样性的耦合关系。结果表明：（1）闽桦-闽楠林胸径显著大于马尾松林,而马尾松林和米槠林、闽桦-闽楠林和米槠林之间胸径无显著差异（P>0.05）,此外,3种林分乔木层树高和枝下高均无显著差异（P>0.05）,马尾松林和闽桦-闽楠林的灌木株高、地径和草本多度、盖度显著高于米槠林,草本层多度和盖度为马尾松林>闽桦-闽楠林>米槠林（P<0.05）。（2）3种森林类型的物种多样性基本都呈灌木层>乔木层>藤本层>草本层的趋势,群落的物种多样性取决于乔灌层多样性。（3）典范对应分析表明,3种林分群落特征与其物种多样性存在相互影响的关系。其中米槠林胸径、草本高度和盖度对乔灌层物种多样性具有明显的促进作用,马尾松林的灌木冠幅对草本物种多样性和均匀度有显著影响,是影响群落物种多样性的主导因子。闽桦-闽楠林灌木冠幅和地径,树高和枝下高对灌草层丰富度的提高具有促进作用,通过提高枝下高和灌木高度生长,降低草本盖度、灌木冠幅和大小,可增加群落物种多样性。研究结果对于科学评价森林空间结构,制定合理经营措施实现物种多样性保育和森林科学经营等方面具有指导意义。