农户田块尺度冬小麦不同产量水平土壤细菌群落差异

为了明确土壤细菌群落对小麦产量的影响，以河南省济源市冬小麦种植户田块为研究对象，通过采集扬花期麦田土壤样品，利用Illumina高通量测序技术测定细菌16S rRNA V3+V4区序列，分析冬小麦不同产量水平土壤的细菌群落差异。结果表明，高产组土壤铵态氮含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),土壤有机质含量、速效钾含量、有效磷含量、硝态氮含量、pH值在组间均无显著差异，土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性在组间也均无显著差异。酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是土壤细菌群落的主导菌门。门水平上，小麦产量与芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、装甲菌门(Armatimonadetes)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、Latescibacteria、Dadabacteria相对丰度显著相关。属水平上，Bryobacter、黄杆菌属(Flavisolibacter)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、丰佑菌属(Opitutus)、黏液杆菌属(Mucilaginibacter)、Dongia、Chryseo...     

Effects of Imidapril on Venous Blood Gas Values in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Ambient Temperature

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of imidapril on blood gas parameters in broiler chickens. MethodTwenty-four chickens were randomly divided into three groups (n=8), control group, low temperature group and imidapril group. Chickens in low temperature group and imidapril group were exposed to low ambient temperature (12-18 ℃) from age at 14 d to 45 d, whereas the control group was exposed to 24-30 ℃; chickens in imidapril group were gavaged with imidapril (3 mg/kg) once daily for 30 d. At age of 45 d, blood was taken from wing vein and blood gas parameters were evaluated by blood gas analyzer in Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. ResultImidapril significantly increased hematocrit (HCT) and total hemoglobin content (T HBC ) and blood Na concentration in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. No significant differences were observed in pH, P CO 2 , P O 2 , K + , Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, HCO 3std , T CO 2 , BE and SO 2c . ConclusionImidapril increases hematocrit, total hemoglobin content and blood Na + concentration in chickens exposed to low ambient temperature.     

女贞枸杞散预防断奶仔猪腹泻效果和对血液白细胞数的影响

为探讨以女贞子、枸杞子、穿心莲、大青叶等多味中药组成的"女贞枸杞散"对断奶仔猪腹泻的预防效果和对外周血各类白细胞数量的影响。根据体重相近、公母各半的原则选用80头体重为10kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分4组,分别为试验Ⅰ组(日粮中加0.4%"女贞枸杞散"),Ⅱ组(添加0.6%),Ⅲ组(添加0.8%)和对照组(普通日粮)。详细记录仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率、腹泻频率、腹泻指数等。试验结束后采血,测定各类白细胞数量,结果表明,"女贞枸杞散"能有效地降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,改善仔猪的生长性能,促进血液中的白细胞尤其是淋巴细胞的的生成,提高机体免疫力。     

2003～2005年河南省鸡传染性法氏囊病流行病学调查

对2003～2005年间河南省15个地区鸡群传染性法氏囊病的流行情况进行了调查。发现传染性法氏囊病的发病有全年化趋势,但每年仍以6～9月份为发病高峰期;发病鸡的日龄范围扩大;病变以法氏囊呈胶胨样水肿和肾脏尿酸盐沉积为主要特征,二者出现率分别占67.2%和73.11%,其它病变多不典型;发病鸡群中免疫鸡群占78.17%;二次发病鸡群约占16.98%;宿主和易感群体的范围扩大。对出现上述情况进行了初步的分析并提出相应的措施。     

暖温带马尾松茎干径向变化特征及其对环境因子的响应

探究短时间（月、日）尺度上马尾松生长动态变化及其与环境因子之间的关系,为理解和预测气候变暖对马尾松生长的影响提供科学依据。从2019年6月-2020年5月,通过树干径向生长测量仪（DENDROMETER）和小型气象站,对马尾松茎干年内径向变化和同期环境数据进行连续监测。结果表明:1)马尾松茎干径向日变化呈现昼缩夜胀的基本规律,马尾松茎干半径在8:00-16:00下降到最小值,16:00至次日8:00上升到最大值,年内径向变化范围为-54.4~38.1 μm。2)马尾松月累积茎干径向变化量存在2个峰值,分别出现在6月和9月,为943.3 μm和823.6 μm。3)在非生长季（11月至次年2月）,马尾松日径向变化量与土壤含水量、空气湿度、降水量存在正相关关系（P<0.05）,与VPD存在负相关关系（P<0.01）。在生长季初期（3-5月）,马尾松日径向变化量与空气温度、土壤温度和VPD呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关。但在生长季中后期（6-10月）,马尾松日径向变化量与空气温度、土壤温度和VPD的相关关系由正转负,与土壤含水量的相关关系由负转正。这种转变主要是因为生长季初期,较高的温度和土壤含水量有利于马尾松日径向变化量的增加,而生长季中后期,过高的温度和较低的土壤含水量则抑制马尾松日径向变化量的增加。研究结果有助于进一步了解暖温带马尾松树木茎干的径向变化及其对环境变化的响应特征,为判断马尾松未来的生长趋势提供科学依据。     

Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) are two of the most important indicators for agricultural productivity. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC and N in the deep soil profile (up to 100 cm) and their relationships with crop productivity under the influence of long-term (since 1990) fertilization in the wheat-maize cropping system. Treatments included CK (control), NP (inorganic N and phosphorus (P) fertilizers), NPK (inorganic N, P and potassium fertilizers), NPKM (NPK plus manure), and M (manure). Crop yield and the properties of topsoil were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009. C and N contents were measured at five different depths in 2001 and 2009. The results showed that wheat and maize yields decreased between 2001 and 2009 under the inorganic fertilizer (NP and NPK) treatments. The average yield between 2001 and 2009 under the NP, NPK, NPKM, and M treatments (compared with the CK treatment) increased by 38, 115, 383, and 381%, respectively, for wheat and 348, 891, 2 738, and 1 845%, respectively, for maize. Different long-term fertilization treatments significantly changed coarse free particulate (cfPOC), fine free particulate (ffPOC), intramicroaggregate particulate (iPOC), and mineral-associated (mSOC) organic carbon fractions. In the experimental years of 2001 and 2009, soil fractions occurred in the following order for all treatments: mSOC>cfPOC>iPOC>ffPOC. All fractions were higher under the manure application treatments than under the inorganic fertilization treatments. Compared to the inorganic fertilization treatments, manure input enhanced the stocks of SOC and total N in the surface layer (0–20 cm) but decreased SOC and N in the deep soil layer (80–100 cm). This reveals the efficiency of manure in increasing yield productivity and decreasing risk of vertical loss of nutrients, especially N, compared to inorganic fertilization treatments. The findings provide opportunities for understanding deep soil C and N dynamics, which could help mitigate climate change impact on agricultural production and maintain soil health.     

河南省开展森林认证的对策探讨

森林认证已在世界范围内得到广泛认可,国内其他省份也在进行有益探索,但在河南尚未起步。针对河南省开展森林认证面临的主要问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.     

锥花福禄考叶片愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

以锥花福禄考的叶片为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化增殖及生根培养,确定了锥花福禄考快繁体系的最适培养条件:(1)初代培养基:MS BA0．4mg／L NAA1．5mg／L;(2)丛生芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA1．0mg／L IBA0．1mg／L GA31．5mg／L;(3)生根培养基:1／2MS NAA0.1mg／L。     

河南省主要土壤耕层有效养分含量分析

对河南省主要土壤耕层21个样区的土样有效养分含量进行测定分析,结果表明:河南省主要土壤耕层的有机质含量稍缺;有效氮含量中等;有效磷含量稍丰;有效钾含量丰富;有效铜含量丰富;有效锌含量缺乏。