江西九江地区第四纪红粘土上的“黄帽子”

A thin layer of yellow-brown-colored earth was generally found on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. A typical profile was established. Both particle size distribution and REE (rare earth elements) characteristics of the yellow-brown-colored earth of the profile fully suggested its aeolian origin and close similarity to Nanjing Xiashu loess. The study also implied aeolian origin of the underlying Quaternary red clay. Compared with the red clay, the yellow-brown-colored earth was less weathered because of its lower content of free iron and higher mole ratios of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ and SiO₂/(Fe₂O₃+Al₂O₃) as well as its less developed chemical microtextures of quartz grains. In order to study the ages of the two deposits comparatively, the thermoluminescent dating method was used. As a result, the bottom of the yellow-brown-colored earth was dated to 60±5 ka B. P. and the upper part of the red clay 388±54 ka B. P. It was suggested that the yellow-brown-colored earth was formed in the Late Pleistocene and was probably the aeolian deposit of the Last Glacial, which corresponded with the Malan loess in the Loess Plateau of the northwestern part of China; while the underlying red clay was formed in the Middle Pleistocene. A "yellow cap" on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang implied a great climatic and environmental variation in the beginning of the Late Pleistocene in the southern part of China, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The event not only halted the rubification, once dominating the region, but also produced a widespread covering of aeolian deposit, as only occurred in the cold and dry environment.     

甲基紫精滴注法快速衡量香蕉抗氧化能力的初步试验

 滴注在香蕉(Musa paradisiaca var.sapientum)叶片表面上的甲基紫精(Methyl Viologen, 0.25 mmol·L^-1 )液滴，经过50 μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1 光照10 h，可在滴注位点周围形成明显的褐色损伤斑点。通过测定香蕉叶片主要抗氧化酶SOD和CAT活性，发现褐斑直径与SOD和CAT活性呈明显的负相关，说明甲基紫精褐斑直径与香蕉抗氧化能力之间具有密切的关系。外源活性氧处理引起的叶片膜脂过氧化损伤与甲基紫精褐斑直径呈正相关，表明利用甲基紫精滴注法快速衡量香蕉抗氧化能力的可行性。     

中国东天山北坡40年来水热组合变化与古气候的关系

利用东天山北坡山区和平原共6个气象站40年来的降水量及气温记录,对各季、年的水热组合状况及其变化进行了统计分析,并与新疆5 000 aB P(中晚全新世)以来的水热组合主要规律进行了对比讨论.得到的基本结论为:(1) 从变化趋势看,除1987年相对暖湿(平原和秋冬两季表现尤其明显)外,40年来其它时段基本以暖干气候为主,也有冷湿气候出现;(2) 该结果与新疆历史时期百年尺度的水热组合变化规律存在一定的差异;(3)在一定程度上体现了中晚全新世以来,新疆气候以冷湿、暖干为主的水热组合规律只能代表百年尺度的变化,而年际尺度的变化规律还需要更多更深入地研究.     

Photosynthetic Diurnal Variation of Soybean Cultivars with High Photosynthetic Efficiency

The photosynthetic characters were investigated among soybean cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency and high yield. The results indicated that: 1) There were significant differences in photosynthetic rate (Ph) and dark respiration rate (DR) under saturation light intensity and appropriate temperature.2) There were a little difference in light compensation point among them. Photo flux density (PFD) were mong the cultivars. Diurnal variation of Pn was shown a curve with two peaks. 4) The cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency were subjected less to photoinhibition than that with high yield. Critical temperatures of photoinhibition in high photosynthetic efficiency cultivars were higher than that of high yield.     

国民政府土地陈报研究

土地陈报是国民政府在抗战前及抗战中实行的一项重要的农村政策。尤其在实行田赋征实以后,土地陈报成为田赋征实的依据,受到国民政府极大的重视。国民政府通过设立自治县试点,各省推广和中央接管加以推行。但由于其本身的软弱以及豪绅地主的反对,结果,不仅未能达到初始目的,反而破坏了农村稳定,加深了国家与农民的矛盾,最后成为国民政府崩溃的一大潜因。     

塔里木沙漠公路对近地表风沙运动过程的影响

通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地野外试验数据的分析,探讨了塔里木沙漠公路对近地表风沙运动过程的影响.结果表明:①阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带对近地表气流的速度和风速廓线形成很大影响,风速整体被削弱,而且越接近地表,削弱程度越大,风速廓线的垂直梯度增加;②在防沙体系内,地表输沙率急剧下降,风沙流结构发生很大变化,下层含沙量下降,而上层含沙量相对变化较少,在阻沙栅栏的积沙带和草方格固沙带内上层含沙量趋于均匀分布;(3) 阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带也影响沙丘的移动.当主导输沙风向与栅栏相交呈小角度时,靠近栅栏的沙丘顺栅栏走向侧向移动相交呈大角度时,移动方向变化不大,草方格固沙带不影响沙丘的移动方向;阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带能降低沙丘的移动速度,而在固沙带内部,由于沙丘的逆向演变,沙丘体积减小,移动速度较快.