Enhanced micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng through protocorm-like bodies: The effects of cytokinins,carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment

The effects of cytokinins, carbohydrate sources and cold pretreatment on the conversion of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) to shoots were investigated for the enhancement of micropropagation of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z. Tang et S.J. Cheng, an endangered medicinal plant in China. The effects of cytokinins and carbohydrate sources on the conversion of PLBs to shoots depended on their types and concentrations. The best results in terms of shoot development from PLBs occurred on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 20 μM kinetin and 10 g l⁻¹ maltose. Cold pretreatment at 10 °C for 1–2 weeks significantly enhanced the conversion of PLBs to shoots, and over 1300 shoots were obtained from one gram of PLBs after 3 months of culture. The developed shoots were rooted on growth regulator-free MS medium supplemented with 8 g/l banana paste to give complete plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized with a survival rate of approximately 65%. The results indicate that a suitable cold pretreatment (10 °C for 1 week) followed by the use of 20 μM kinetin and 10 g/l maltose in 1/2 MS medium would produce a large number of shoots from PLBs for plantlet regeneration of D. huoshanense.     

基于DYC和ABS分层协调控制策略的ESP仿真

提出了一种基于直接横摆力矩控制器(DYC)和制动防抱死系统(ABS)分层协调控制策略的汽车电子稳定程序(ESP)控制方法,以提高ESP的控制效果.在DYC和ABS的基础上设计了一个协调控制器,将控制系统分成上下层.上层协调控制器根据侧偏角的偏差值和车轮的滑移率计算出对下层子系统的调节量,统一协调下层的DYC和ABS工作.仿真结果表明,采用此协调控制策略,可比单独采用DYC更好地维持车辆的方向稳定性和侧向性能.     

城乡规划实施评价的理论和指标体系研究

城乡规划的实施是城乡按照依法审批的规划方案进行建设的过程。如何科学合理地评价城乡规划实施结果是相关决策部门十分关心而又非常棘手的问题。基于城乡复合生态系统的观点，构建了城乡规划实施评价的基础理论，提出了城乡规划实施评价的指标体系，为客观理性地评价城乡规划实施结果提供了有效的手段和途径，同时也为城乡规划的科学决策提供了基本依据。     

影响料仓流型因素综合分析

介绍了各种料仓流型,并详细分析了影响料仓流型的因素,尤其是装料形式、改流体对料仓流型的影响,为料仓设计、选择流型和改善粉体流动措施提供了参考。     

基于FCM聚类法对行驶工况的构建

主要研究FCM聚类法在车辆行驶工况中的应用。通过对合肥市典型道路的试验,获取大量的实验数据,划分为多个运动学片段,并运用多元统计理论方法及Matlab对数据进行分析和处理,引入11个表征汽车行驶特性的特征参数进行研究。运用主成分分析这种数理统计理论,同时通过FCM聚类方法,对合肥市道路行驶工况进行分析与仿真,拟合出能够代表合肥市的代表性工况。通过对实验数据的分析表明,拟合的行驶工况有利地反映了合肥的汽车保有量、城市结构、交通流分布、驾驶行为习惯及道路特征等的情况。     

In vitro Selection of DNAAptamers and Fluorescence-Based Recognition for Rapid Detection Listeria monocytogenes

Aptamers are specific nucleic acid sequences that can bind to a wide range of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from single stranded DNA or RNA ligands containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences （aptamers） capable of binding to and detecting Listeria monocytogenes, one of the major food-borne pathogens. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which L. monocytogenes in exponential （log） phase of growth was used as the separation target. A fluorescently-labeled aptamer assay scheme was devised for detecting L. monoeytogenes. This report described a novel approach to the detection of L. monocytogenes using DNA aptamers. Aptamers were developed by nine rounds of SELEX. A high affinity aptamer was successfully selected from the initial random DNA pool, and its secondary structure was also investigated. One of aptamers named e01 with the highest affinity was further tested in aptamer-peroxidase and aptamer-fluorescence staining protocols. This study has proved the principle that the whole-cell SELEX could be a promising technique to design aptamer-based molecular probes for dectection of pathogenic microorganisms without tedious isolation and purification of complex markers or targets.     

厦门市红壤对氨氮的吸附研究

[目的]为了研究土壤对氨氮的吸附特性对含氨氮废水的处理提供参考。[方法]在其他条件固定的情况下,研究pH、粒径、盐度的变化对土壤吸附的影响。[结果]红壤对氨态氮具有显著的吸附作用,并且吸附速度很快,一般在30 min就可以基本达到平衡。粒度越小,pH越大,土壤对氨氮的吸附能力也越强。[结论]该研究对氨氮污水灌溉、氨氮在土壤和地下水中迁移转化的预测有重要意义。     

风味酱鸭加工工艺优化

[目的]优化风味酱鸭的加工工艺。[方法]以鸭腿为原料,选取腌制时间、煮制时间、葡萄糖添加量和酱油添加量进行单因素试验,在此基础上采用正交试验优化,研究各自变量及其交互作用对风味酱鸭风味的影响,并对其工艺参数进行优化。[结果]风味酱鸭的最佳加工工艺条件为：腌制时间12h、煮制时间70min、葡萄糖添加量2．O％、酱油添加量30ml／kg（均以鸭腿的重量计）。在此工艺条件下,酱鸭腿风味口感较好。[结论]该研究可为风味酱鸭的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

自动观测与人工观测能见度的差异性分析及检验

利用安徽省安庆气象观测站2012年自动观测与人工观测能见度资料,分析不同观测时次和不同天气现象的自动观测与人工观测能见度的差异性。采用相关系数法计算不同情形下的自动观测与人工观测能见度的相关性。通过差值的统计特征分析不同观测时次和不同天气现象的自动观测与人工观测能见度的差异性,并利用符号检验法和Wilcoxon秩检验法对两者的差异性进行假设检验。结果表明,不同观测时次的自动观测和人工观测能见度近似呈完全正相关性,不同天气现象的自动观测和人工观测能见度的相关性也较高;不同观测时次和不同天气现象的自动观测和人工观测能见度均存在显著性差异。     

集水灌溉和施肥对半干旱区春小麦生态位适宜度和产量的影响

为了探讨利用农业集水进行的控制灌溉和施肥对提高春小麦生态位适宜度和增加产量的重要作用,该文采用田间小区试验和建模分析方法,研究了不同供水和不同施肥对春小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、根生物量、生态位适宜度与产量的影响。结果表明：不同灌溉供水量与不同施肥量对春小麦LAI和根生物量都呈现出显著的影响,其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的LAI最大值（开花期）分别增加56.9%、30.9%和19.1%;根生物量平均值分别增加84.2%、50.4%和26.6%;同时施肥与相应不施肥相比亦有显著增加。春小麦生态位适宜度与产量的结果显示：在丰水、平水、自然降水和低水处理下的适宜度（F(t)）平均值分别为0.6631、0.5670、0.5174和0.4763,籽粒产量平均值分别为3 159.2、2 345.2、1 735.7和1 380.6 kg/hm2;其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的适宜度值分别提高了39.2%、19.0%和8.6%;平均籽粒产量分别提高了128.8%、69.9%和25.7%,这表明增加供水量具有提高适宜度和增产的显著正面影响。同时,施肥比相应不施肥也有提高适宜度和增产的积极作用。统计分析表明：适宜度与籽粒产量之间呈正线性相关关系。对试验中16种不同水肥组合处理的评价结论为：丰水下施低、中、高肥,平水高肥和自然降水高肥等5种处理下属适宜;其余11种处理下属中等或不适宜。各处理下的最大适宜度值（0.8351）和最高产量（4 275.8 kg/hm2）是在丰水高肥下一致达到,这表明丰水高肥是半干旱区的一种生态适应性和产量最佳的组合处理。