基于有限元分析方法的连杆螺栓改进设计

根据生产企业的实际情况,提出了在应力集中严重的连杆螺栓头部与杆部过渡圆弧处进行局部滚压的改进措施,并通过有限元分析手段,得出当滚压力达到20kN时,就能使连杆螺栓在不改变原结构的前提下满足疲劳寿命的要求。     

COMPOSITION ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN FOREST ANTS

INTRoDUCTIoNAnthasbeenusedasmedicineandhealthprotectionproductsfora1ongtime-Theant(PolyrhachisvicinaRoger)ismostincommon.TheyaremainlylivinginGuangxiProvince.Theyareablack,irri-tateacidityanddelicatefragranceinsects.ThereisakindofantinWandaMountain,Daxing'anMountain,andXiaoxing'anMountain.Itisabig(aboutmorethanl-ocmlong),strongandnonpollutioninsect.alotofbigandblackantswerecollectedfromWandaMountain.Itwasappraisedbyantexpertstobeantfami1yandantcategory.ItwasnamedFormicacuniculariaLa…     

美国火炬松优良家系引种试验研究

从美国引入火炬松种子园自由授粉的３３个优良家系进行引种试验。结果表明：家系间树高，胸径、单株材积生长量差异显著，经ＬＳＤ比较选择，仅有６个家系单株材积生长量优于商品种；家系前－后期树高生长相关性显著；家系的遗传力大于单株的遗传力。结果还显示，引进经人工选择的优良家系，还需经过引种区测试，并注意选择最适种源区，方能用于育种与生产。     

云南东南部天然沙罗竹林分结构规律的研究

沙罗竹为大中型丛生竹类,生长较好的天然竹林主要集中分布在云南河口——屏边大围山海拔500 m地区的沟谷地带,面积约5 000 hm2,具有很高的开发利用价值。该文对其林分的密度、直径、生物量等因子变化规律及其相互关系首次进行了系统研究。     

泡桐蛛蛾幼虫空间格局的研究

应用聚集度指标法、回归分析法、零频率方法对泡桐蛛蛾幼虫的空间格局进行测定。结果表明 ,泡桐蛛蛾幼虫在林间呈聚集分布 ,分布的基本成分为个体群 ,零频率方法分析泡桐蛛蛾幼虫种群类型为“聚集度逆零频率制约型”。根据泡桐蛛蛾的空间格局提出了抽样技术 ,并根据零频率方法研究结果确定了林间调查的理论抽样数和简单序贯抽样分析表     

Kinetics of leaf temperature fluctuation affect isoprene emission from red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves

Because the rate of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) emission from plants is highly temperature-dependent, we investigated natural fluctuations in leaf temperature and effects of rapid temperature change on isoprene emission of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves at the top of the canopy at Harvard Forest. Throughout the day, leaves often reached temperatures as much as 15 degrees C above air temperature. The highest temperatures were reached for only a few seconds at a time. We compared isoprene emission rates measured when leaf temperature was changed rapidly with those measured when temperature was changed slowly. In all cases, isoprene emission rate increased with increasing leaf temperature up to about 32 degrees C and then decreased with higher temperatures. The temperature at which isoprene emission rates began to decrease depended on how quickly measurements were made. Isoprene emission rates peaked at 32.5 degrees C when measured hourly, whereas rates peaked at 39 degrees C when measurements were made every four minutes. This behavior reflected the rapid increase in isoprene emission rate that occurred immediately after an increase in leaf temperature, and the subsequent decrease in isoprene emission rate when leaf temperature was held steady for longer than 20 minutes. We concluded that the observed temperature response of isoprene emission rate is a function of measurement protocol. Omitting this parameter from isoprene emission models will not affect simulated isoprene emission rates at mild temperatures, but can increase isoprene emission rates at high temperatures.     

基于细胞数字特征的板材材种识别技术

木材识别是合理利用木材最基本的前提。为了解决人工鉴定失误率高的问题,本文提出基于细胞数学描述理论的板材识别方法,采用木材端面细胞的显微数字图像,利用板材材种的数学仿真技术、图像处理技术、数据库管理和系统辨识方法,提取细胞轮廓形态和尺寸等参数建立基准细胞和材种识别数字化参数库。减少传统的依赖图像像素特征识别比较方法的不确定性,创新材种识别的数字化理论体系,推动板材材种识别的实用化。     

3种沙漠植物地上部分形结构与生物量的自相似性

应用自相似原理,分别研究极干旱地区塔克拉玛干腹地和吐鲁番盆地地下水浇灌区柽柳、梭梭和沙拐枣植株的地上分形结构与各自地上部生物量的关系.通过分析3种植物的枝长、冠幅和体积与地上部生物量之间的统计自相似性,发现在统计拟合精度上自相似模型不如BP神经网络模型,但分析植株生长的地域性差异时,缺少像分形维数这样的定量化描述.     

贵州省退耕还林工程生态效益监测与评价初探

通过对贵州省退耕还林10个生态效益监测网络县设置的100个坡面固定样地,以及5个典型县16个坡面径流场各生态指标2年观测数据的分析,得出退耕还林后监测区各生态指标的改善情况如下:退耕还林后2年内土壤侵蚀模数和流失量减少78%,监测区植被覆盖率由12.4%增加到38.7%,平均综合生态效益指数已由0.18上升到0.53。