遮荫对茶叶中儿茶素总量及构成的影响

采用不同遮荫度覆盖黄旦茶园,对茶样内儿茶素总量及酯型、非酯型儿茶素含量进行检测分析。结果显示：与CK比较,蒸青样和成茶样中儿茶素总量均随遮荫度增大而呈整体下降趋势,其质量分数分别下降了3.08%-10.61%和2.65%-21.52%;其中酯型儿茶素变幅,蒸青样为-1.63%-5.28%,小于成茶样的-19.96%-10.35%;而非酯型儿茶素的降幅,蒸青样为9.90%-24.18%,大于成茶样的2.90%-19.82%。蒸青样中酯型与非酯型儿茶素的质量分数总体虽随遮荫度增大而减少,但酯型儿茶素占总儿茶素的百分比却随之增大,增幅为4.32%-10.05%;而非酯型儿茶素占比却与之相反,下降了5.10%-15.17%;因而酯型与非酯型儿茶素含量的比值是随遮荫度增加而增大的。遮荫对茶叶内儿茶素总量及其构成的影响程度达到了或接近于种间差异水平。     

玉米主食化的意义及推进措施

讨论传统主食在国民经济发展中的战略地位及主食工业化的重要意义,分析玉米在我国传统主食中的重要性,提出推进主食工业化的措施及建议,为促进玉米主食化提供有益的借鉴。     

对五株典型霉菌形态的观察和比较研究

对教学常用的五株典型霉菌,即根霉,毛霉,河内白曲(米曲霉),黑曲霉和黄曲霉经分离、纯化、培养后,对它们的形态进行了观察和比较研究。其结果是根霉的假根发达,毛霉的囊轴清晰,河内白曲的足细胞健壮,黑曲霉和黄曲霉的顶囊良好。     

Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.     

Myristic Acid （MA） Promotes Adipogenic Gene Expression and the Differentiation of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocyte Precursor Cells

Intramuscular fat （IMF） content is considered to be a key factor that affects the marbling, tenderness, juiciness and lfavor of pork. To investigate the effects of myristic acid （MA） on the differentiation of porcine intramuscular adipocytes, cells were isolated from longissimus dorsi muscle （LDM） and treated with 0, 10, 50 or 100μmol L-1 MA. The results showed that MA signiifcantly promotes the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. MA also led to a parallel increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ（PPARγ） and adipose-related genes, such as glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1）, lipoprotein lipase （LPL）, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4/aP2）, fatty acid translocase （FAT）, acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα（ACCα）, adipose triglyceride lipase （ATGL） and fatty acid synthase （FASN）. However, no signiifcant effects of MA were observed on the expression of CAAT enhancer binding protein-α（C/EBPα） or hormone sensitive lipase （HSL）. The expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 （PDK4） was increased by MA during the early stages of differentiation （day 1-3）. In addition, MA also increased the absolute content of C14 （P〈0.001） and saturated fatty acids （SFA） （P〈0.05） to varying degrees, but no effects were observed on other fatty acids. These results suggest that MA might be able to enhance the IMF content of pork and increase the accumulation of myristic and myristoleic acid in muscle, which might have beneifcial implications for human health.     

Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Rice Planting Area and Their Relationship to Climate Change in Northeast China：A Model-Based Analysis

Rice is one of the most important grain crops in Northeast China （NEC） and its cultivation is sensitive to climate change. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the NEC rice planting area over the period of 1980-2010 and to analyze their relationship to climate change. To do so, the CLUE-S （conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent） model was ifrst updated and used to simulate dynamic changes in the rice planting area in NEC to understand spatio-temporal change trends during three periods： 1980-1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. The changing results in individual periods were then linked to climatic variables to investigate the climatic drivers of these changes. Results showed that the NEC rice planting area expanded quickly and increased by nearly 4.5 times during 1980-2010. The concentration of newly planted rice areas in NEC constantly moved northward and the changes were strongly dependent on latitude. This conifrmed that climate change, increases in temperature in particular, greatly inlfuenced the shift in the rice planting area. The shift in the north limit of the NEC rice planting area generally followed a 1＆#176;C isoline migration pattern, but with an obvious time-lag effect. These ifndings can help policy makers and crop producers take proper adaptation measures even when exposed to the global warming situation in NEC.     

香鳞毛蕨研究进展

该文对香鳞毛蕨的生态分布状况、形态解剖学研究、活性成分及药理作用等研究进展进行综述,为香鳞毛蕨的研究与应用提供了参考和方向。     

离子液体对靶标生物和非靶标生物AChE的影响

[目的]探究不同离子液体对靶标生物及非靶标生物体内酶活性的影响,明确其对靶标生物的毒杀作用及对非靶标生物的安全性.[方法]研究了3种离子液体对2种生物体内AChE活性的影响.[结果]溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑对斜纹夜蛾AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈抑制趋势,LC50浓度处理下呈先抑制后诱导的趋势;对斑马鱼肝脏AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈始终抑制趋势,在LC50浓度处理下呈诱导-抑制-诱导的趋势.溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑对斜纹夜蛾AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈先抑制后诱导的趋势,在LC50浓度处理下呈抑制趋势;对斑马鱼肝脏AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈先诱导后抑制的趋势,在LC50浓度处理下呈抑制趋势.1,2-二甲基咪唑对斜纹夜蛾AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈先抑制后诱导的趋势,在LC50浓度处理下呈先诱导后抑制的趋势;对斑马鱼肝脏AChE活性的影响在LC20浓度处理下呈抑制趋势,在LC50浓度处理下呈先抑制后诱导趋势.[结论]3种离子液体在斑马鱼和斜纹夜蛾体内的积累对2种生物体内AChE的活性均有不同程度的影响,改变生物体内神经信号的传导,导致生物体严重的行为改变、功能紊乱、瘫痪,从而产生毒害作用.     

微波无极紫外光助Fenton处理农药废水

研究了微波无极紫外(MWEUV)光助Fenton法对有机农药废水的强化降解作用,比较了单独MW、单独Fenton、紫外汞灯光助Fenton(UV/Fenton)和MWEUV光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)4种体系的处理效果,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量和Fe2+投加量对COD降解率的影响。结果表明,MWEUV比紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。在H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5的条件下,有机农药废水可被完全降解。     

紫薇种子萌发对PEG模拟干旱胁迫的响应

[目的]探讨紫薇种子的抗旱性。[方法]以紫薇为试验材料,采用不同质量分数(0、5%、6%、7%和9%)的聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探讨其对紫薇种子萌发的影响。[结果]紫薇种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数等指标随着PEG浓度升高(5%~7%)呈下降趋势,但差异不显著;幼苗的上胚轴呈下降趋势,而侧根数和下胚轴呈上升趋势;当PEG浓度达到9%时,各项指标均显著下降。[结论]在实验室条件下,紫薇种子能忍受PEG(5%~7%)的渗透胁迫,紫薇幼苗通过减少地上部分生长、增加地下部分生长的方式来适应适度干旱胁迫。