Increasing selenium supply during the close-up dry period improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates inflammatory response after calving in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether feeding selenium (Se)-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy affects nutrient metabolism and inflammatory response during the periparturient period. Twenty cows were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 cows each. Cows in one group received Se-yeast at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM during the last 4 weeks before calving in addition to fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Se-yeast), while cows in another group were only fed a TMR containing supplemented sodium selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (Control). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and albumin. In control cows, plasma NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp levels increased after calving, but glucose, insulin, and albumin levels decreased after parturition. Se-yeast supplemental cows had lower postpartum concentrations of NEFA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SAA, and Hp, and higher postpartum levels of glucose, insulin, and albumin compared with control cows. The results indicate that feeding Se-replete cows a Se-yeast supplement in late pregnancy improves nutrient metabolism and attenuates the inflammatory response after calving.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

丁酸钠对犊牛胃肠道发育的研究进展

丁酸钠是一种绿色新型饲料添加剂，目前在动物饲料中应用广泛，且效果良好。作者主要介绍了丁酸钠的生物学功能、对犊牛胃肠道发育的影响及其在犊牛日粮中的应用效果。重点总结了丁酸钠促进犊牛胃肠道发育的影响机制，包括作为胃肠道组织的能量来源调控激素和生长因子的分泌，提高消化和吸收相关酶的分泌及活性，提高肠道免疫细胞保护性蛋白的分泌等。现有研究表明，日粮干物质中添加0.3%丁酸钠就能达到促进犊牛生长和胃肠道发育的效果，但具体添加水平、添加阶段和方式等尚不明确。此外，日粮粗饲料水平、精料发酵所产生的内源丁酸对外源丁酸钠的作用效果是否有影响也鲜有报道，有待进一步开展研究。     

贵州省农机专业合作社现状及发展建议

近年来,随着《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的颁布和农机购置补贴力度的不断加大,贵州省农机专业合作社得到了较快发展。现有的农机专业合作社较好地解决了农机规模化作业与小农户分散经营的矛盾,有利于资源的合理配置和减轻农户劳动强度,解放了大量的农村劳动力,有效地增加了农民的收入。为此,通过对贵州省农机专业合作社的基本情况、发展特点、在农业生产中所发挥的作用及存在的问题等方面进行了较为广泛与深入的阐述,提出贵州省农机专业合作社建设中的若干建议,供相关部门参考。     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。     

NaCl胁迫对沙葱苗期根系特征及无机离子含量的影响

【目的】研究NaCl胁迫对沙葱苗期根系形态特征及无机离子含量的影响,分析沙葱的耐盐强度,以提高沙葱在盐碱地上的生产能力,为盐碱地的开发利用提供参考。【方法】以沙葱幼苗为材料,采用盆栽法,经不同浓度(0(对照,CK),25,50,75,100,150 mmol/L) NaCl胁迫15 d后,研究沙葱根系干质量、鲜质量、长度、表面积、体积、活力和无机离子(K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))含量的变化。【结果】随着NaCl浓度的增加,沙葱根系干、鲜质量和根系活力均呈降低趋势;而根系长度、表面积、体积均呈先增加后下降的趋势,当NaCl浓度为50 mmol/L时均达最大值。在不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理下,沙葱幼苗根系中Na~+、K~+含量均较对照增加,且当NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L时Na~+、K~+含量较高;但幼苗根系中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量均较对照下降。【结论】适宜沙葱幼苗根系生长的NaCl浓度为25～50 mmol/L,此时根系生长良好,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量无明显降低。     

旋转脱膜式残膜回收机的设计与试验

【目的】针对弹齿式残膜回收机残膜回收作业后自动脱膜困难的问题,设计一种旋转脱膜式残膜回收机具。【方法】采用田间试验确定了搂膜弹齿的最佳入土角范围、曲率半径和排布方式,通过理论研究设计残膜回收机的脱膜机构,用正交试验方法对残膜回收率的影响因素进行优化,以残膜回收率最高为优化目标确定最优参数组合,并对修正后的最优参数组合进行试验验证。【结果】综合田间试验数据,得出搂膜弹齿最佳入土角为18°～35°,主弹齿直径10 mm,副弹齿直径5 mm,3排搂膜弹齿交错排布;正交优化试验表明,各因素对残膜回收率影响的表现为作业深度作业速度搂膜弹齿曲率半径,当作业速度为7 km/h、主搂膜弹齿曲率半径190 mm、副搂膜弹齿曲率半径160 mm、作业深度50 mm时,对应的残膜回收率最高;验证试验表明,在该参数组合条件下残膜回收率为84.86%,与预测的残膜回收率(85.56%)十分接近。【结论】设计的旋转脱膜式残膜回收机收膜效果好、脱膜率高、制造成本低、调整使用便捷。     

氮肥施用对直播冬油菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响

为探明安徽省直播冬油菜种植中适宜的氮肥用量、氮肥种类和施氮方式，通过田间小区试验，研究尿素不同用量及等氮量尿素和控释尿素不同施用方式对直播冬油菜产量、氮肥累积量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：施氮水平和施氮方式对直播冬油菜产量具有显著影响，成株率与产量之间呈显著正相关，施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2条件下，尿素分次施用处理（N180）和控释尿素一次性施用处理（CRU180）在生育中后期能有效提高直播冬油菜密度。施氮量240 kg N·hm^-2、尿素分次施用处理（N240）角壳和茎秆氮素累积量分配比例增加，籽粒分配比例减少，氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理效率和氮肥偏生产力显著降低，籽粒产量不增反降，较CRU180和N180分别降低2.87%和9.67%。各施氮处理中，N180处理产量最高，较其他施氮处理显著增产7.53%~82.15%。施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2条件下，相比尿素一次性施用处理（U180），CRU180和N180显著增产8.53%和16.69%，籽粒氮素累积量显著增加8.80%和16.02%，氮肥表观利用率显著增加11.68%和14.30%，氮素农学效率显著增加12.53%和24.46%，氮素生理效率增加0.74%和9.13%，氮肥偏生产力显著增加8.59%和16.76%。综合本试验直播冬油菜产量、氮素累积量和氮肥利用率结果来看，合理的氮肥用量和氮肥品种可以有效增加直播冬油菜的成株率和氮素累积量，进而增加产量、提高氮肥利用率。安徽省直播冬油菜施氮量180 kg N·hm^-2，尿素分次施用和控释尿素一次性施用，均能达到产量和氮肥利用率的双向提升。考虑到直播冬油菜轻简化发展大趋势，建议采用控释尿素一次性基施。