Nitrogen balance in barrows fed low-protein diets supplemented with essential amino acids

This study was conducted to determine the effect of addition of essential amino acids (EAA) to low-protein diets on N balance in barrows. Thirty barrows (Duroc × Yorkshire) with an initial BW of 36 kg were fed 5 corn- and soybean meal-based diets containing 13.6 to 18.2% crude protein (CP) for 10 d in a randomized complete block design. The 18.2% CP diet was formulated without addition of EAA (Lys, Met or Thr). The other diets contained 13.6 to 16.5% CP and were supplemented with EAA to provide 0.83% true digestible lysine equal to that in the 18.2% CP diet. Fecal, urinary, and total N excretion as well as N retention (g/d) decreased with decreasing dietary CP level (P < 0.01). The apparent digestibility of N was almost the same for the 18.2 and 16.5 CP diets, but the value was 2% higher (P = 0.07) than that for the 13.6% CP diet. These findings indicate that, compared with the 18.2% CP diets, supplementation with three EAA to the lowest-protein diets (13.6 CP) is inadequate for maximum intestinal protein digestion, amino acid absorption, or tissue protein deposition in growing barrows.     

牛磺酸在水产饲料中的应用

本文概述了牛磺酸的含量及分布、合成与代谢、生物学作用及其在水产饲料中的应用效果,并指出了牛磺酸在水产养殖中的应用前景及研究方向。     

我国饲用粮的需求分析与预测

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高,畜产品的消费量不断增加,这对饲用粮的生产供给产生了巨大的压力和严峻的挑战。文章从当前我国畜产品(肉、蛋、奶、水产品)的产量出发,分析和预测了未来十年我国畜产品生产所需的饲用粮规模和趋势变化,得出了三大结论,在此基础上分析了缓解粮食压力、增加畜产品供给的对策。     

猪胴体在线瘦肉率回归预测研究

选购不同类型的商品猪94头，分别测其瘦肉率、胴体重、背膘厚度等指标，并以瘦肉率为因变量，其它指标为自变量，采用SAS8．0软件进行数据分析，建立了不同商品猪胴体瘦肉率最优回归方程，并对回归方程进行了方差分析及残差散点图的回归诊断，结果表明只采用胴体重和背膘厚度两个指标所得的胴体瘦肉率预测方程具有较高的准确度和精度度。     

新疆平原灌区综合排水措施与模式

在总结已有研究成果及实践经验的基础上,结合近期开展的水盐监测与试验研究,综合地下水开发利用、节水节肥、土地资源合理配置以及农业结构调整等成果资料.应用土壤水盐运移理论与系统分析原理,为实现干旱内陆河流域水土资源可持续利用,系统地提出适应于不同地貌单元,不同土壤盐碱化治理阶段的竖井排灌、竖井与水平联合排灌、水平排水等工程措施,以及利用自然与人造微地形情况下的农田干排盐、生物排盐措施.     

基于RS和GIS的吉林省城乡居民地区划特征分析

探讨吉林省的城乡居民地的空间格局对于城镇建设和相关基础设施建设无疑具有很大的参考价值。本文以TM为数据源提取了吉林省居民地空间分布信息。在GIS技术支撑下,结合区划理论和聚落地理学说,分析了吉林省城乡居民地的空间格局。结果表明,吉林省城乡居民地空间分布区划为三个区,分别是东部区、中部区和西部区。中部区城镇居民地和农村居民地密集,且城镇化程度最高;东、西部区城镇居民地景观指数无明显差别,但农村居民地的景观指数明显有差别。从居民地分布类型来看,城镇居民地与农村居民地在各区内都呈随机分布,但其指示参数最近邻点指数还是体现出明显的区划差异。     

Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and conditions affecting the type of conidial germination of Bipolaris oryzae

One taxonomic characteristic of Bipolaris species is the bipolar germination of conidia, but conidia of Bipolaris oryzae , the causal pathogen of brown spot in rice, are regularly observed to show intercalary germination, a characteristic of Drechslera species. The effect of selection, culture media and culture age on type of conidial germination was determined for three brown spot isolates from Cavinti, San Pablo and Palawan in the Philippines, obtained from infected leaves showing typical disease symptoms. Based on the analyses of their ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S rDNA nucleotide sequences, the local isolates were clearly identified as B. oryzae . Selection for colonies of the three isolates derived from single conidia with either bipolar or intercalary germination had no effect on the number of spores showing bipolar germination in subsequent cultures. Germination on seven different culture media was tested; of these, rabbit food agar and water agar increased the percentage of bipolar germination of conidia, although this varied between isolates. Incubation of the cultures of all three isolates for longer periods prior to harvesting conidia increased the percentage of bipolar-germinating conidia from c . 40 to c . 90% with 5-day-old and 30-day-old cultures, respectively.     

Biological Control of Sclerotinia Diseases of Rapeseed by Aerial Applications of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of applying the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to the aerial parts of rapeseed plants at the flowering stage to control sclerotinia diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Under controlled conditions, a petal inoculation technique was used to determine the effect of conidial suspensions of C. minitans on suppression of sclerotinia leaf blight. Results showed that C. minitans was effective in inhibiting infection initiated by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on flower petals by restricting mycelial growth of the pathogen. Suppression of lesion development was related to the conidial concentration of C. minitans, with larger lesions at low concentration (5×10³conidia ml⁻¹), but smaller lesions at high concentration (5×10⁴ conidia ml⁻¹ or higher). When C. minitans-treated rapeseed leaves were inoculated with mycelia of S. sclerotiorum, C. minitans failed to prevent infection of leaves, but caused a significant reduction in number of sclerotia produced on the diseased leaves. No significant difference in efficacy was detected between the two isolates of C. minitans, LRC 2137 and Chy-1, on the two rapeseed cultivars, Westar (spring type) and Zhongyou 821 (winter type). Results of field trials showed a significant reduction of stem rot of rapeseed in four (1997, 1999, 2003 and 2004) out of five years by aerial application of C. minitans, compared with controls. No significant difference in suppressive efficacy was observed between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + benomyl (50 μg ml⁻¹) and benomyl (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 2003, and between the treatments of C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹), C. minitans (10⁶ conidia ml⁻¹) + vinclozolin (100 μg ml⁻¹) and vinclozolin (500 μg ml⁻¹) in 2004. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum collected from diseased plants in plots treated with C. minitans in 1999, 2000 and 2003, or with C. minitans + benomyl in 2003 were infected by C. minitans at frequencies ranging from 21.3 to 54.5%. This study concludes that aerial spraying of C. minitans is an effective method for controlling sclerotinia diseases of rapeseed.     

Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

1株高致病性血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒的分离与鉴定

利用细胞培养方法从临床表现神经症状的死亡仔猪脑组织内分离获得1株病毒,同时对该病毒进行电镜负染观察、昆明种小鼠致病性试验、RT-PCR检测和部分基因测序分析。电镜观察可见细胞培养物中有大量的直径约115 nm的冠状病毒样粒子;接种病毒的小鼠均出现典型的神经症状,死亡率100%;血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒(HEV)特异性引物RT-PCR扩增结果阳性;其S基因序列与GenBank中登录的HEV-67 N相应基因序列的同源性高达99.6%。结果表明,分离的病毒为猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒,分离株暂命名为HEV-CC-2007。