结合Sentinel-2影像和特征优选模型提取大豆种植区

准确获取大豆的空间分布对于产量估计、灾害预警和农业政策调整具有重要意义,目前针对种植结构复杂地区所开展的大豆遥感识别研究鲜有报道.该研究以安徽省北部平原的典型大豆产区——龙山、青疃镇为研究区,基于Sentinel-2数据提出一种分层逐级提取策略的大豆识别方法.该方法首先构建决策树筛选规则,剔除研究区内非农田地物,获得田...     

苹果切片干燥收缩变形的孔道网络模拟及试验

为揭示果蔬干燥收缩变形的传热传质与应力应变的机理,确定果蔬微孔结构特性及内部毛细力等因素对其干燥过程的影响,该研究运用孔道网络方法、热质传递原理和细观力学理论等交叉学科知识,构建了孔隙尺度下果蔬切片干燥收缩变形的孔道网络模型,采用VC++开发孔道网络求解程序,模拟分析了果蔬切片的湿分场、温度场以及应力应变场等情况,并以...     

大数据背景下的信息化育种

信息化是育种的主流趋势和必然选择。为促进作物育种信息化建设,从种质资源管理、数据采集、系谱分析、试验设计、参试进程管理、遗传解析和生理学解析、品种产业化推广等方面探讨了大数据背景下信息化在育种中的应用。指出了信息化育种实施步骤和要点,以河南省新乡市农业科学院为例,规划了软件应用、科研管理、人才培养、硬件更新、信息共享等实施信息化育种的重点步骤。认为信息化育种存在的主要问题有不被育种家广泛接受、技术有待完善和数据共享存在障碍等3个方面,并展望了其应用前景。     

Relationships Among the Feeding Behaviors of a Mirid Bug on Cotton Leaves of Different Ages and Plant Biochemical Substances

Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) tends to feed on young plant tissues. To explore the relationship between stylet probing behaviors of adult A. lucorum and conditions of cotton leaves, we conducted an experiment using electropenetrography (EPG). Behaviors were recorded on four cotton varieties, in relation to thickness and biochemical traits of differently-aged leaves. Cotton leaf age had a significant effect on the probing behavior of A. lucorum but cotton variety did not. One-day-old leaves of A. lucorum received the highest mean number of stylet probes (penetrations) per insect, and longest mean durations per insect of combined stylet probing or its components, cell rupture and ingestion behaviors. All of the leaf traits (thickness and biochemical substances) were similar among these four cotton varieties. Leaf thickness had a significantly negative effect on the same four variables above. Gossypol and tannin also had a negative impact on combined probing duration. Redundancy analysis showed that the four EPG variables were closely related to nutrient substances (amino acids, sugar, and water) while they had the opposite relationship with plant defense substances (gossypol and tannin). On cotton in the seedling stages, A. lucorum fed more readily on the youngest, thinnest leaves in our no-choice EPG experiments. Nutrients and chemical resistance substances determined the probing duration of A. lucorum. Our findings can contribute to better understanding of patterns of feeding and host consumption by A. lucorum, ultimately improving cotton resistance to A. lucorum.     

植物外源多酚氧化酶酶促合成茶黄素的研究进展

近年来,茶黄素作为一种具有多种生理功能的天然物质,受到国内外研究者们的广泛关注.本文从筛选酶促合成茶黄素PPO的酶源、影响茶黄素制备的因素、酶工程技术在制备茶黄素上的运用以及植物源PPO结构特点和酶促氧化茶黄素机理等方面综述PPO酶促合成茶黄素的研究进展,以望能为工业化制备茶黄素提供参考.     

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺研究

本文采用一种新型绿色溶剂提取红枣总黄酮,并对其提取工艺进行优化.通过单因素试验探究含水量、超声功率、提取时间、提取温度和料液比对红枣总黄酮得率的影响.在此基础上,采用遗传算法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮工艺.结果表明:超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取红枣总黄酮最优的工艺参数为:含水量37％、超声功率167 W、提取时间3...     

疫苗免疫及抗体注射预防雏鹅小鹅瘟效果比较

为更好地控制小鹅瘟的发生,探究疫苗免疫及抗体注射对雏鹅小鹅瘟的预防效果。将200只1日龄试验鹅随机分成4组,其中A组为疫苗组,B组为卵黄抗体+疫苗组,C组为卵黄抗体组,D组为对照组。对试验鹅分别于1日龄、7日龄进行注射,并在首免后第7、14、21及28天检测小鹅瘟抗体。结果显示:在第7天,B组和C组的免疫抗体平均效价均高于A组;在第14天,B组抗体平均效价出现明显下降,均低于A组和C组。在第21～28天,A组和B组均保持较高的抗体水平,而C组抗体效价下降较快。结果提示,在没有母源抗体保护的情况下,对于雏鹅小鹅瘟多发高发的地区和场群,建议1日龄、7日龄均注射卵黄抗体加以预防;对于雏鹅发病日龄明显增加,超过20日龄仍有发病的地区和场群,建议1日龄、7日龄均免疫小鹅瘟疫苗加以防控。     

关于天津市非洲猪瘟无疫小区创建工作的思考

2019年12月,农业农村部组织制定颁发了《无规定动物疫病小区评估管理办法》(农业农村部公告第242号)、《农业农村部办公厅关于印发<无非洲猪瘟区标准>和<无规定动物疫病小区管理技术规范>的通知》(农办牧〔2019〕86号)等文件,随即启动了非洲猪瘟无疫小区建设工作.天津市农业农村部门高度重视该项工作,第一时间组织了...     

云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素病例对照研究

为了解云南省曲靖市羊布鲁氏菌病传播风险因素,以2021年布鲁氏菌病监测数据为基础,采用病例对照研究方法,对曲靖市8个县（市、区）181个羊养殖场开展问卷调查,并对养殖场饲养管理状况、生物安全措施等方面的18个风险因素进行单因素分析、多因素二元Logistic回归分析,构建回归方程,计算模型的预测概率,建立ROC曲线。结果显示：共回收有效问卷155份,涉及54个阳性场、101个阴性场;经单因素分析,从18项风险因素中选出13项P <0.05的因素;经多因素二元Logistic回归分析,“外购混养”（OR=9.006,95%CI:2.844～28.524）、“养殖场门口不消毒”（OR=7.835,95%CI:1.303～47.110）、“与邻居共用运输工具”（OR=13.087,95%CI:1.774～96.535）、“交通工具不消毒”（OR=4.263,95%CI:1.294～14.043）在病例组和对照组之间差异显著（P <0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.815(95%CI:0.743～0.887),模型预测性尚好。结果表明,“外购混养”“养殖场门口不消毒”“与邻居共用运...