采用遗传算法计入摩擦力作用的标准斜齿轮传动模糊可靠优化

传统的齿轮强度理论不考虑齿间摩擦的影响。针对这一观点，该文以渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的小齿轮齿数、法面模数、螺旋角、齿宽系数为设计变量，以两齿轮的体积之和为最小目标函数，通过应用模糊设计理论和可靠性设计理论，建立摩擦力作用下标准斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型，并采用遗传算法对其进行优化。研究表明，效果很好。     

蜜瓜运输共振频率的测定及其对储藏品质的影响

为避免蜜瓜运输过程中因发生共振现象导致储藏期间品质的下降,试验通过数据采集与信号分析软件中的加窗函数结合传递函数分析测出蜜瓜的共振频率,同时测定了共振频率与硬度的变化趋势以及共振频率和低频振动后储藏期间蜜瓜品质的变化。结果表明:通过加窗函数结合传递函数分析可以将有效信号从杂乱信号中提取,可稳定检测到蜜瓜的共振频率;不同硬度区间的蜜瓜可测得不同范围的共振频率,硬度较高的蜜瓜其共振频率也相对较大,共振频率与硬度呈极显著正相关,决定系数R2=0.9132;不论共振频率还是低频率使振动后的果品硬度、可溶性固形物均呈下降趋势,损伤体积率表现为显著上升,不论低频还是共振频率,对振后可溶性固形物含量的影响无明显区别,共振频率下引起的损伤率增大明显高于低频率的情况,因此共振是引起果品运输损伤的主要原因;振动后储藏期间可溶性固形物含量和损伤率的变化与储藏时间均存在很高的线性拟合关系,拟合决定系数大于0.95,实际运输中可通过设计采用缓冲包装和适当的运输方式避开共振频率、达到最大程度减小果品品质衰变和预测并延长货架期的目的。采用加窗函数结合传递函数的测定和分析方法也为同类型和其他果品寻求共振频率、在运输过程中避开共振频率点而达到减损目的提供了借鉴和参考,为相关运输保护措施的建立奠定理论基础。     

梯度风对雾滴穿透性影响的研究及试验

该文对梯度风中果树枝叶的运动规律的理论分析发现：梯度风可以使果树枝叶产生“躲闪”、“退让”和“扭转”运动，有利于雾滴穿透和沉积。室内和田间试验证明：只提高弥雾机出口风速对雾滴的穿透效果不好，反而容易造成近风侧粘附雾滴的逃逸。而弥雾机械梯度风的存在，有利于雾滴的穿透和沉积。因此，为了提高雾滴的穿透性和沉积性，应该提高梯度风的梯度。为减少已粘附雾滴的逃逸损失，提高雾滴在整株果树上分布均匀性，提高药效，必需合理选择和控制风机的出口风速。     

应用实测含水率剖面估算冬小麦相对根长密度分布

根长密度是根系研究中不可缺少的一个参数，但其适时准确的测定却存在相当的困难。该文应用平均根系吸水速率反求方法，提出了在已知两个实测含水率剖面的条件下，估算相对根长密度分布的方法，并通过田间实验和土柱实验对该方法进行了检验，结果表明：该方法可以较好地估算相对根长密度的分布，为土壤水分运移的连续模拟提供较为可靠的参数。     

Rapid Time Variations in Chemical Composition of Precipitation in South Korea

Data from a monitoring program on precipitation at four sites in South Korea during the period from 1993 to 1998 were analyzed for determining a time trend relationship in chemical composition of precipitation. The concentrations of nss-sulphate, ammonium and calcium were found to have decreased over time at a statistically significant level in Seoul (p<0.05). The concentration of nss-sulphate had declined by a rate of 12% per year for the period from 1993 to 1998. The concentrations of ammonium and calcium decreased by 11% and 12% per year respectively for the same period. The concurrent reduction of cation offsets the change in strong acid anion, thus the annual mean pH of precipitation has been approximately constant. In contrast to the rapid change of sulphate, the second most abundant anion, nitrate, showed no statistically significant decrease. As a result, the nitrate to nss-sulphate ratio (N/S ratio) has increased rapidly; the N/S ratio in precipitation has increased from less than 0.1 in 1985 to nearly 0.5 in 1998 at Seoul. In spite of the short monitoring period, a significant upward trend in the N/S ratio was also observed at all of the other sites suggesting that the nitrogen species contribute more to precipitation acidity throughout Korea.     

琼氏不动杆菌GXP04的苯酚羟化酶基因的克隆及序列分析

提取琼氏不动杆菌GXP 04的总DNA,采用限制性内切酶E coRⅠ酶切处理后,构建以pLAFR 3为载体的基因组文库。通过TA IL-PCR扩增出苯酚羟化酶的上游基因,对菌落原位杂交获得的11个转化子进一步鉴定,最终确定其中的8个转化子含有完整的苯酚羟化酶基因,选取其中的pLAFR 3-7对GXP 04的苯酚羟化酶基因的核苷酸序列进行分析,并对其蛋白质基本性质进行预测。     

小麦种子发芽率近红外定量分析模型的优化

The backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS) and the synergy interval partial least squares (SiPLS) were applied to select the characteristic spectral regions representing the germination rate of 84 wheat seeds and build the near infrared (NIR) quantitative analysis model of wheat seed germination rate.Results from comparison showed that the models built by two variable selection methods had better predictive ability than full-spectral partial least squares(PLS) model.The optimal model was obtained by SiPLS with the calibration and prediction correlation coefficient(R) at 0.902 and 0.967 respectively, and ratio of performance to standard deviate (RPD) at 3.75.Based on this, the physical chemistry significance of characteristic spectral regions was analyzed.The characteristic spectral of wheat seed germination rate contained characteristic peaks of water, protein, starch, fiber, which were the internal nutrients of the seed that influence the germination ability, thus explaining the mechanism of measuring wheat seed germination rate using NIR to a certain extent.     

两行一带式乔木固沙林带风速流场和防风效果风洞试验

研究在风速为10和15 m·s<'-1>的风洞试验条件下,覆盖度为20%和25%的3种两行一带模式固沙林内的水平和垂直方向的风速变化情况,以期对3种模式的风速流场和防风效果进行比较分析.结果表明:3种配置模式在0.31H高度形成了风影区和风速加速区相互组合的复杂流场结构,覆盖度25%的两行一带模式的防风效果高于覆盖度20%的两行一带模式.3种模式在不同高度的风速变化规律相同,可划分为3层:微变化层(1.54H和2H)、显著变化层(0.46H和0.92H)和稳定变化层(0.06～0.12H)3个层次.3种模式降低风速的效果为:D=4H(H为带间距)L=4 cm(L为行距)模式大于D=5H,L=0.08 m模式和覆盖度20%(D=5H,L=0.04 m),后2种模式相同.     

济南建邦黄河公路大桥主桥斜拉桥辅助墩顶超重主梁施工控制措施

济南建邦黄河大桥主桥是一座三塔、双索面的预应力混凝土梁斜拉桥,跨度布置为53.5＋56.5＋2×300＋56.5＋53.5m,中塔处为塔梁墩固结。主梁采用前支点挂篮进行施工,边跨合龙段位于过渡墩与辅助墩之间,中边跨合龙有一定难度。墩助墩顶主梁较重,施工难度大,本文主要介绍了该桥辅助墩顶超重主梁施工的方法及控制的措施。     

江西九连山国家级自然保护区鸟类新记录

2003～2010年,作者通过对江西九连山国家级自然保护区鸟类的持续调查,以及收集整理鸟类专家在九连山的现鸟记录,发现九连山鸟类新记录1科(彩鹬科Rostratulidae)、36种,其中,属江西新记录8种.