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41.
Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600 g 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of feeding level on growth and energy partitioning were studied in rainbow trout growing from 150 to 600 g. Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 158 g fish?1) were fed a practical diet at various feeding levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of near satiation) for 24 weeks at 8.5°C. The final body weights of fish were 235, 381, 526 and 621 g. Restricted feeding levels significantly reduced live weight gain. Feeding levels had less pronounced effects on feed efficiency ratio, which were 0.98, 1.08, 1.02 and 0.83, respectively, for the 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% feeding levels. The growth of fish fed to near satiation was accurately described by the thermal‐unit growth coefficient. The growth data also showed that the widely used specific growth rate was not an appropriate model. Fish fed at the lowest feeding level (25%), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2 kJ fish?1 day?1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. The efficiency of energy for growth (kg) was estimated to be 0.63. The factorial multiple regression approach estimated that the partial efficiencies of metabolizable energy utilization for protein deposition (kp) and lipid deposition (kf) were 0.63 and 0.72, and that maintenance energy requirement was about 19 kJ (kg BW0.824)?1, for rainbow trout held at 8.5°C. 相似文献
42.
Hee-Jin Dong Ae-Ri Cho Tae-Wook Hahn Seongbeom Cho 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2014,15(2):317-325
A multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of the stx1 and stx2 genes and applied for detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle farm samples. Two target genes were distinguished based on Tm values of 85.03 ± 0.54℃ for stx1 and 87.47 ± 0.35℃ for stx2. The mLAMP assay was specific (100% inclusivity and exclusivity), sensitive (with a detection limit as low as 10 fg/µL), and quantifiable (R2 = 0.9313). The efficacy and sensitivity were measured to evaluate applicability of the mLAMP assay to cattle farm samples. A total of 12 (12/253; 4.7%) and 17 (17/253; 6.7%) STEC O157, and 11 (11/236; 4.7%) non-O157 STEC strains were isolated from cattle farm samples by conventional selective culture, immunomagnetic separation, and PCR-based culture methods, respectively. The coinciding multiplex PCR and mLAMP results for the types of shiga toxin revealed the value of the mLAMP assay in terms of accuracy and rapidity for characterizing shiga toxin genes. Furthermore, the high detection rate of specific genes from enrichment broth samples indicates the potential utility of this assay as a screening method for detecting STEC in cattle farm samples. 相似文献
43.
Four diets differing in crude protein/crude lipid concentrations (CP/CL), 570/200, 510/220, 460/240, 430/260 (g kg?1 dry diet) were fed to near‐satiety to rainbow trout (initial body weight, IBW = 268 g, domestic strain) and Atlantic salmon (IBW = 456 g, wild strain) for 308 days to determine the effect of diets, species and fish size on efficiency of feed, nitrogen (N) and energy utilization. Within species, weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), and energy retention efficiency (ERE, E gain/E intake) were not affected by diet (P < 0.05). N retention efficiency (NRE, N gain/N intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with decreasing CP/CL for both species. NRE and FE were higher for salmon compared with trout. Whole body CP of salmon was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and lipid significantly (P < 0.05) lower, than those of trout. There was a significant (P < 0.05) linear decrease in FE as fish grew, regardless of diet and species. NRE linearly decreased (P < 0.0001) and lipid to protein deposition ratio (LD/PD) increased (P < 0.05) as trout grew. NRE linearly increased (P < 0.05) while ERE and LD/PD linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as salmon grew. Salmon appeared to rely to a greater extent on non‐protein energy‐yielding nutrients to support cost of growth than did trout. 相似文献
44.
Kim JK Lee SY Chu SM Lim SH Suh SC Lee YT Cho HS Ha SH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12804-12809
Flavonoids and carotenoids of pigmented rice ( Oryza sativa L.), including five black cultivars and two red cultivars, from Korea were characterized to determine the diversity among the phytochemicals and to analyze the relationships among their contents. Black cultivars were higher in flavonoids and carotenoids than the red and white cultivars. The profiles of eight phytochemicals identified from the rice grains were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences among cultivars. PCA could fully distinguish between these cultivars. The Heugjinjubyeo (BR-1) and Heugseolbyeo (BR-2) cultivars were separated from the others based on flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations. Flavonoid contents had a positive correlation with carotenoid contents among all rice grains. The BR-1 and BR-2 cultivars appear to be good candidates for future breeding programs because they have simultaneously high flavonoid and carotenoid contents. 相似文献
45.
Chung Yeon Hwang Soonwook Jung Y. S. Hwang Byung Cheol Cho 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):161-169
Ballast seawater is considered globally as a major vector for invasions of non-indigenous organisms. Several technologies have been tested for their ability to remove organisms from ballast water. In the present study, we constructed a novel pulsed high-voltage discharge (PHVD) system that could operate in either high current mode with several hundred amperes or shockwave generating mode with relatively lower current in seawater. In laboratory-scale experiments, the PHVD system with shockwave-generating mode was found to be more effective in killing zooplankton (1.9- to 4.0-fold) and phytoplankton (3.3-fold) than high current mode at discharge with 300–500 pulses at 7.1 kV. Further experiments were carried out at different voltages and pulse-numbers to examine effects of the shockwave-generating PHVD system on viabilities of one zooplankton larva, two phytoplankton species, and an indicator bacterium suspended in seawater in a static chamber. For zooplankton, live cells were not detected at discharge with 400 pulses at 13 kV. For phytoplankton, the initial live cells of a dinoflagellate was decreased by 77?±?0.5%, and the initial chl a concentration of a diatom was decreased by 76?±?6% at discharge with 700 pulses at 13 kV. For an indicator bacterium Escherichia coli, live cells were not detected at discharges with 200 or 700 pulses at 13 kV. Measurements of ATP content of organisms showed congruent results with those obtained by the above methods, suggesting it may be a rapid method for evaluating treatment efficiency. Though further scale-up studies are necessary, these results suggest that the PHVD system have a high potential for applying to ballast seawater treatment. 相似文献
46.
Jeonghwan Park Harry V. Daniels Sung Hwoan Cho 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(5):726-734
This study was performed to estimate the nitrite toxicity to southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in brackish water (7.5 ppt of salinity). For a LC50 test, 20 fingerlings (5.7 ± 0.4 cm) in each aquarium (15 L) were exposed to the concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg NO2?‐N/L in duplication for 10 d. Median lethal concentration at 96 h (96‐h LC50) was calculated as 81.6 mg NO2?‐N/L. For a verification test, young flounder (164.2 ± 9.1 g) were exposed to a simulated culture condition in recirculating systems (1000 L). Sodium nitrite was not added to control system, whereas it was added to Treatment system 1 (TS 1) and Treatment system 2 (TS 2) to maintain nitrite concentrations of 20 and 30 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively. The plasma nitrite concentrations of the young flounder in TS 1 and TS 2 were 4.5 and 6.6 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively, after 2 wk. At this time, the methemoglobin percentages in TS 1 and TS 2 reached 85.8 and 89.7%, and survival rates were 37.5 and 25.0%, respectively. The results of these tests indicate that southern flounder do not concentrate nitrite in blood from the environment, but they seem to be more sensitive to nitrite compared with other species that do not concentrate nitrite. 相似文献
47.
48.
D. U. Han C. Choi J. Kim W.‐S. Cho H.‐K. Chung S.‐K. Ha K. Jung C. Chae 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(7):346-348
The in vitro susceptibilities of 128 isolates of east1+Escherichia coli from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs with diarrhoea were tested with nine commonly used anti‐microbial agents by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. For the isolates from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs, most of them were susceptible to low concentrations (MIC90) of tetracycline (4 and 2 μg/ml), ceftiofur (2 and 2 μg/ml), and colistin (4 and 2 μg/ml). Marked resistance was found in others. 相似文献
49.
50.
Frederick J. Muehlbauer Seungho Cho Ashutosh Sarker Kevin E. McPhee Clarice J. Coyne P. N. Rajesh Rebecca Ford 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):149-165
Summary Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein
food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and
iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by
Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by
Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by
Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of
Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders
and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved
and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and
several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density
has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons
of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding
of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and
Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny
analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders
with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays,
reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop
improvement. 相似文献