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991.
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994.
长江流域侵蚀区“土壤水库”的调用是控制洪涝灾害的治本之策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a “soil reservoir“ concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River. A “soil reservoir“ has a large potential storage capacity and its water can be rapidly “discharged“ into the underground water in a timely fashion. The eroded, infertile soils of the Yangtze River Watershed are currently an obstacle to efficient operation of the “soil reservoir“. The storage capacity of this “soll reservoir“ has been severely hampered due to intensive soil erosion and the formation of soil crusts. Therefore, possible measures to control floods in the Yangtze River Watershed include: rehabilitating the vegetation to preserve soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, enhancing infiltration of the different soil types, and utilizing the large “soil reservoir“ of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 相似文献
995.
玛纳斯河是新疆境内最大的一条内陆河,多年平均年径流量13.1亿m^3,是玛纳斯河流域和绿洲生产生活的主要水源。利用玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特水文站50年水文观测资料分析洪水成因,对洪峰、径流量等洪水特征进行数理统计,结合气温、降水等影响洪水的因素,得到洪水变化特点,推断玛纳斯河洪峰周期,为水利工程规划设计、防洪抗旱提供参考依据。 相似文献
996.
通过室内均质土柱试验,以Br^-为示踪剂,研究了90 mm/15 d和30 mm/5 d两种灌水频率下,1.7,1.2,0.8 m地下水埋深土壤中溶质(Br^-)的运移规律。结果表明:不同地下水埋深或同一地下水埋深条件下,高、低灌水频率土壤中溶质运移快慢的趋势是变化的。地下水埋深由深变浅,高灌水频率土壤中溶质(Br^-)运移由慢于低灌水频率逐渐转变为快于低灌水频率;高灌水频率土壤中Br^-较集中地向下运移,低灌水频率土壤中地下水埋深越大,Br^-分布越均匀分散;高灌水频率不利于土壤溶质(Br^-)积聚于土表。 相似文献
997.
试验研究不同早稻品种灌浆期高温胁迫后根系生理差异结果表明,高温对不同水稻品种根系超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均有影响,但对耐热型品种的影响显著小于热敏感品种,耐热型品种在高温胁迫后保护酶活性能较快恢复并接近对照水平;高温胁迫对耐热型水稻品种根系α-萘胺氧化力无影响,但热敏感品种根系氧化力明显下降,故根系α-萘胺氧化力可作为根系耐热指标之一。 相似文献
998.
氮肥施用对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素表观损失的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content (Nmin) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels (average 212 kg N ha^-1). The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha^-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin (average 155 kg N ha^-1) before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha^-1, whereas the farmers' conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha^-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields. 相似文献
999.
两种矿山生态型香薷对铜的吸收、分布和积累特性研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
Two ecotypes of Elsholtzia, Elsholtzia splendens and E. argyi, are dominant plants growing on Cu and Pb-Zn smelters, respectively. Samples of the two ecotypes and the corresponding soils from fields of a copper mining area and a Pb-Zn mining area of Zhejiang Province, China, were analyzed to investigate Cu or Zn tolerance of these two ecotypes. Effects of nine Cu levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 mg Cu L-1 as CuSO4·5H2O) on growth and uptake, translocation and accumulation of Cu in these two ecotypes were examined in a solution culture experiment. The experimental results showed that dry weights (DW) of shoots and roots were depressed, and growth of E. splendens was less depressed than that of E. argyi when treated with ≥ 5 mg Cu L-1. Concentrations of Cu in shoots of E. splendens and E. argyi exceeded 1 000 mg kg-1 DW at ≥ 40 mg Cu L-1. The maximum Cu accumulated in the shoots of Cu-treated E. splendens and E. argyi reached 101 and 142 μg plant-1. Furthermore, analysis of plant samples from the fields showed that these two ecotypes can tolerant excess heavy metals and produced high dry matter, and E. splendens can accumulate 11.7 mg Cu plant-1 grown on the Cu smelter. Therefore, E. splendens and E. argyi could be good plants for phytoremediation. 相似文献
1000.
不同种植模式下紫色土养分流失影响因子研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
通过建立5个不同种植模式的径流小区,对每个小区径流泥沙中养分的含量进行研究.探讨机械组成、微团聚体含量、粘粒团聚度等因子对养分流失影响的程度,结果发现:15~30cm土层中〈0.01mm的粘粒含量与径流泥沙中全钾含量和速效钾含量有显著的相关性。0~15cm层中的〈0.01mm和〈0.001mm微团聚体含量都与径流泥沙中有机质、速效钾和全氮的含量有显著的相关性。同层中〈0.01mm粘粒团聚度与径流泥沙中全氮含量和速效钾含量有显著的相关性,而同层〈0.001mm粘粒团聚度与径流泥沙中全磷含量、速效钾含量和速效磷含量有显著的正相关。 相似文献