南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析

 为筛选适宜南疆地区的青贮甜高粱品种,采用罐装青贮的方法,以青贮玉米为对照,研究了糖分含量存在差异的６个品种甜高粱青贮的感观性状及其营养成分。结果显示,１）新高粱２号、考利和丽欧３个甜高粱品种青贮成功率均达到了１００％,ｐＨ 值小于４．１２,感官评价为１级优等。甜饲１号和玉米青贮成功率为８０％,ｐＨ 值分别为４．２７和４．１８,感官定级为２级尚好。大力士青贮成功率为４０％,ｐＨ 值为４．９７,感官定级为３级中等。Ｘ０９６青贮 成功率为２０％,ｐＨ５．３１,定级为４级腐败。丽欧、考利、新高粱２号及玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低;而Ｘ０９６、大力士青贮丁酸含量偏高,乳酸含量则较低。２）大力士甜高粱青贮水分含量最高（P ＜０．０５）,Ｘ０９６甜高粱青贮饲料水分含量最低（P ＜０．０５）。甜高粱丽欧、考利和玉米青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量均超过了７％,显著高于其他各青贮样本（P ＜０．０５）,Ｘ０９６青贮饲料粗蛋白质含量最低（P ＜０．０５）。粗脂肪含量以考利甜高粱青贮饲料最高,为３．３０％,显著高于玉米、大力士和Ｘ０９６ 青贮饲料（P ＜０．０５）。考利和丽欧甜高粱青贮饲料水溶性碳水化合物（ｗａｔｅｒｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ,ＷＳＣ）含量均超过了４．５％,显著高于其他各青贮饲料ＷＳＣ 含量（P ＜０．０５）。青贮玉米ＷＳＣ 含量高于Ｘ０９６和甜饲１ 号。３）粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量,以Ｘ０９６ 甜高粱青贮最高（P ＜０．０５）,丽欧、考利、甜饲１号和玉米青贮基本在同一水平（P ＞０．０５）。４）各品种甜高粱及玉米青贮的灰分、钙、磷含量无显著性差异（P ＞０．０５）。可见,在南疆可选择新高粱２号、考利、丽欧等甜高粱品种替代玉米来制作青贮饲料;选择大力士制作青贮,应采取延迟收割或晾晒等方法,以降低青贮前水分偏高的问题。     

The use of leucaena leaf meal in feeding Nile tilapia

A 14 week experiment was carried out to study the effects of replacing three different levels (33%, 66%; and 100%;) of berseem leaf meal (BLM) by leucaena leaf meal (LLM) treated in four different ways (drying for 48 h at 60 C, autoclaved for 15 min, sprayed with 1% sodium hydroxide and incubated with rumen liquor for 24 h). Groups of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings (5.07 g mean weight) were fed one of 13 isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (19.67 kJ per g dry matter) diets, with two replicates (10 fish per aquarium) for each treatment. The results indicated that weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein utilization parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by the higher percentage of dried or cooked LLM in tilapia diets. On the other hand, the lowest growth performance and feed utilization parameters were observed in the groups fed LLM diets treated with sodium hydroxide or incubated with rumen liquor. Carcass protein and fat increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing levels of LLM and simultaneously decreasing ash content.     

Morphological and molecular characterization of garlic (Allium sativum L.) genotypes sampled from Turkey

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Garlic is a vegetable widely used both in food and as a pharmaceutical raw material in the world due to its contents. Although morphological differences are...     

Analysis of the Offspring Sex Ratio of Chicken by Using Molecular Sexing

The overall sex ratio of offspring （dead embryos and hatch chicks） from all the fertilized eggs of 140 hens collected for 30 days was studied using duplex PCR of certain fragments of sex chromosomes. Additional 894 dead embryos over a period of 21 days of incubation were also investigated to verify the sex ratio of the dead embryos. The sex of the early dead embryos was identified using this molecular sexing technique. The sex ratio of the hatch chicks and the total offspring of the hens investigated in this experiment did not differ from the expected sex ratio （i.e., 1：1）., However, the number of female dead embryos was significantly more than that of males. The data indicated that the different physiologic function of males and females contributed to female-biased mortality during incubation. It was also found by further analysis that the sex ratios of the offspring of some hens were significantly biased to female or male over the period investigated, which suggested that the sex ratio of offspring might be influenced by the maternal condition to some degrees.     

Rainfall variability and its influence on surface flow regimes examples from the central highlands of Ethiopia

The article shows results of an international and interdisciplinary project with the title ‘Rainfall and its Erosivity in Ethiopia’. Rainfall variability affects the water resource management of Ethiopia. The influence of rainfall variability on flow regimes was investigated using five gauging stations with data availability from 1982–1997. It was confirmed that the variability in rainfall has a direct implication for surface runoff. Surface runoff declined at most of the gauging stations investigated. Therefore, effective water resource management is recommended for the study area. Future research should focus on watershed management which includes land-use and land cover. The question posed here is whether the variability in rainfall significantly affected surface flow in the study area.     

Effect of two species of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers on some metabolic activities, growth, and yield of pea plant

Two cyanobacterial species (Nostoc entophytum and Oscillatoria angustissima) were tested as biofertilizers, substituting the normally used chemical fertilizer, for pea plant. Inoculation of soil with a suspension of each species or a combination of the two species significantly increased the germination percentage and stimulated the other measured growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment fractions of pea. However, the soil inoculation with one cyanobacterial species and the addition of the recommended dose or half the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer were usually more effective and also increased carbohydrate and protein contents of produced pea seeds. However, biofertilization combined with half the recommended dose of the chemical fertilizer was usually more effective than the addition of the full rate of the chemical fertilizer, and this may allow saving 50% of the used chemical fertilizer. The protein profile of the produced seeds showed appearance and disappearance of some protein bands in response to fertilization treatments compared to the control. Blue green algae analyses show that N. entophytum fixed more N, produced more exopolysaccharide, and contained more auxin and cytokinin than O. angustissima, the latter contained more gibberellins. These data may explain their different influences on growth and yield of pea.     

Rapid detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peste des Petits Ruminants</Emphasis> (PPR) virus antigen in Sudan by agar gel precipitation (AGPT) and haemagglutination (HA) Tests

AGPT and HA tests were employed for rapid diagnosis of PPRV infection in sheep and goats in Sudan. Forty lymph nodes and spleen samples from suspected cases of PPR in both sheep and goats were examined by AGPT and HA tests for detection of PPRV antigen. Viral antigen was detected from (77.5%) of the samples tested by AGPT and (92.5%) tested by HA test. The results of both tests revealed that HA test was more sensitive than AGPT for detection of PPRV antigen (Kappa statistics 0.4366). Another advantage of the HA test over AGPT was that it can differentiate PPRV from RPV. Thus the HA test represents a quick, easy, simple, cheap and reliable confirmatory test for the diagnosis of PPR and differential diagnosis of PPRV and RPV. The HA test was carried out using chicken, goat and pig RBCs. Chicken RBCs were found to be the most sensitive for detection of PPRV antigen, followed by goat then pig RBCs. The HA time when using chicken RBCs was 20–25 minutes, using goat RBCs was 25–30 minutes and using pig RBCs was 40–45 minutes. The distribution of PPR infection in four different regions of Sudan was investigated.