普通菜豆种质资源形态多样性鉴定与分类研究

 对324份普通菜豆种质资源的形态多样性进行了研究。结果表明，我国普通菜豆种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性，平均多样性指数为1.632，高于国外材料（1.227）40.5%。通过多变量的主成分分析，第一主成分和第二主成分代表了普通菜豆形态多样性的44%。基于形态性状，把我国280份普通菜豆种质聚类并划分为三大组群：第一组群，生育期较短、植株较矮、籽粒较大、单株荚数和单荚粒数较少，生长习性以直立为主，主要来自东北和华北地区；第三组群，表现为生育期较长、植株较高、籽粒偏小、单株荚数和单荚粒数较多，生长习性主要以蔓生为主，主要来自于西南地区；第二组群普通菜豆的特征特性介于第一和第三组群之间，分布较广。     

小麦籽粒灌浆特性分析

用Richards方程对新春8号等6个春小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程进行了拟合。结果表明,新春6号、新春9号和Geleng为典型的强、弱势粒异步灌浆型品种;新春8号、宁春30号和新陇麦15为典型的强、弱势粒同步灌浆型品种。异步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异较大,强势粒进入灌浆盛期较弱势粒早;同步灌浆型品种强、弱势粒起始势之间差异不大。灌浆过程的前期、中期和后期3个阶段对总灌浆物质的贡献分别约占26％,45％, 29％,但所需的时间在强、弱势粒和品种间有较大差异。     

小麦/小麦秆锈菌亲和性互作的组织病理学及超微结构研究

利用化学显微技术和生物电镜技术，系统地研究了小麦秆锈菌在感病寄主上发育过程的组织学及超微结构特征。结果表明：小麦秆锈菌的发育过程可分为几个明显的阶段：孢子萌发和芽管形成，附着胞的形成和气孔下囊的分化，初生侵染菌丝和次生侵染菌丝的形成和生长，吸器母细胞和吸器的形成，夏孢子床和夏孢子堆的产生。小麦秆锈菌菌丝沿着细胞壁生长和蔓延．菌丝顶端细胞原生质稠密，代谢旺盛；吸器母细胞形成在细胞壁周围，吸器产生在细胞里面，呈指状，吸器外同和细胞膜区域有吸器外问质的存在。小麦秆锈菌发育早期，小麦细胞一直保持正常；而在发育后期，小麦细胞发生了质壁分离，叶绿体片层受到破坏。     

苦荞叶提取物抗氧化性及其协同效应的研究

从苦荞叶中提取抗氧化性物质,用光度法测定提取物中总黄酮的含量及对羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子(O-2·)的清除作用,并采用碘量法研究了苦荞叶提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用及与其他物质的协同作用。结果表明,苦荞叶中总黄酮含量为57g/kg;苦荞叶提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,可有效延缓油脂脂质过氧化反应;随着苦荞叶提取物添加量的增加,抗氧化作用增强,最有效的添加量为2g/kg;VC、VE和柠檬酸对苦荞叶提取物有一定的协同作用,增效次序为VC>VE>柠檬酸;苦荞叶提取物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子均有较强的清除能力。     

小麦栽培管理动态知识模型的构建与检验

 将系统分析方法和数学建模技术应用于小麦管理知识表达体系，通过解析和提炼小麦生育及管理指标与环境因子及生产水平之间的基础性关系和定量化算法，创建了小麦管理动态知识模型WheatKnow；充分利用软构件的技术特点，在Visual C++和Visual Basic平台上研制了数字化和组件化小麦管理动态知识模型系统，实现了播前栽培方案的设计和产中适宜调控指标动态的预测2大功能。其中，播前栽培方案包括产量目标、适宜品种、播期、基本苗及播种量、肥料运筹和水分管理；产中调控指标包括适宜生育期、穗分化进程、生长指标、源库指标和营养指标动态。利用不同生态点、不同品种、不同土壤等资料及大田对比试验对所建知识模型进行实例分析和检验的结果表明，所提出的小麦管理动态知识模型总体上具有较好的广适性和决策性。本研究克服了传统作物栽培模式与专家系统地域性强和广适性弱的不足，从而为实现作物栽培管理的精确化和数字化奠定了基础。     

板栗赤霉素缺陷型短雄花序芽变的初步鉴定及CmGID1基因的表达分析

 利用赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、乙烯利和吲哚乙酸分别涂抹板栗短雄花序,结果显示仅赤霉素能够抑制短雄花序顶端的细胞程序性死亡,并在一定程度上恢复短雄花序的伸长生长。通过RT-PCR扩增方法,从板栗短雄花序芽变和正常雄花序cDNA中克隆出赤霉素受体基因GID1部分序列。测序及序列分析结果表明：克隆的cDNA片段为786 bp,所推导的氨基酸序列与杨毛果GID1氨基酸序列有91%的同源性,与陆地棉、蓖麻GID1均有85%的氨基酸序列同源性。经氨基酸序列功能分析,推测该GID1序列是板栗有编码功能的赤霉素受体基因,命名为CmGID1（GenBank登录号为HQ651231）。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,从花序萌发至花药萌发前期,除其中一个时期（5月23日）外,芽变短雄花序CmGID1的表达量均高于正常雄花序;在花序的快速生长期,芽变短雄花序CmGID1表达量显著高于正常雄花序（P < 0.01）;且赤霉素处理后恢复生长的短雄花序CmGID1表达量显著降低（P < 0.01）。综合试验结果,初步揭示了该短雄花序为一个赤霉素缺陷型突变体。     

Expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CPP reinstatement rats induced by morphine

AIM: To investigate the role of excitatory amino acid transporter 3(EAAT3) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in morphine relapse by detecting the changes of EAAT3 expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in conditioned place preference (CPP) reinstatement rat model induced by morphine.METHODS: Forty adult male SD rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats each: control group, CPP establishment group (Es), CPP extinction group (Ex), reinstatement 2 h group (Re2) and reinstatement 4 h group (Re4).Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of morphine was applied at a constant dose (10 mg/kg) for 10 days to the established CPP model.Normal saline instead of morphine was used to induce CPP extinction for 10 days.CPP was reinstated following a single priming injection of morphine (2.5 mg/kg).After the CPP behavior test, the rats were sacrificed, and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were collected for detecting the levels of EAAT3 by Western blotting.RESULTS: The accumulated time the rats spent in the drug-paired chamber was significantly longer in Es group, Re2 group and Re4 group than that in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex significantly decreased both in Es group and Re4 group (P<0.05).No significant change of EAAT3 in hippocampus among groups was observed (P>0.05), while EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 area significantly increased in Es group and Ex group as compared with control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex decreases both in CPP establishment and reinstatement models, indicating that down-regulation of EAAT3 in prefrontal cortex may partly participate in the formation of opium relapse.     

Effect of prostate-specific membrane antigen on phospho-ERK,growth and migration of prostate cancer LNCaP cells

AIM: To study the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on the level of phospho-ERK, cell growth and migration of prostate cancer LNCaP cells.METHODS: The method of silencing PSMA was established by lentivirus-mediated RNAi in our early experiment. The cells were divided into 3 groups.In experimental group, the expression of PSMA in LNCaP cells was stably blocked by lentivirus-mediated RNAi. In negative control group, the cells were transfected with lentivirus-mediated control RNAi (without any interference to PSMA).The normal LNCaP cells served as blank control. The cells in these 3 groups were cultured in both 2 environments: normal medium and medium with PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation). The phospho-ERK was detected by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the growth and migration of the cells were evaluated by MTT and transwell assays,respectively.RESULTS: In normal medium, the expression of phospho-ERK was attenuated in experimental group (P<0.05) and the quantity of "positive" cells was less than those in other 2 groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the growth curves of the cells showed that the growth ability in experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05, after 48 h) and the migration ability in experimental group was reduced (P<0.05). In the inhibitory medium, the cells in all 3 groups expressed phospho-ERK at a lower level. Moreover, the abilities of growth and migration in these 3 groups were poorly displayed. These inhibitory effects on phosphorylation of ERK were similar to the cells in experimental group cultured in normal medium.CONCLUSION: PSMA may play a role in up-regulation of phospho-ERK and it may take an advantage in growth and migration of prostate cancer LNCaP cells.     

北京市平谷地区番茄枯萎病病原鉴定

对采集于北京市平谷地区的番茄枯萎病病株进行病原菌的分离、纯化,并进行病原菌的形态学观察与分子生物学技术诊断鉴定。结果表明:北京平谷地区番茄枯萎病主要由尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)侵染所致,另外也可能存在串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)的复合侵染。     

豌豆彩潜蝇的识别与防治

豌豆彩潜蝇〔Chromatomyia horticola（G oureau）〕属双翅目（D iptera）、潜蝇科（Agrom yzidae）、植潜蝇亚科（Phytom yzinae）、彩潜蝇（ Chromatomyia）。别名豌豆潜叶蝇、豌豆植潜蝇。该虫分布于全国各省份,为害多种蔬菜,对蔬菜生产造成严重影响。豌豆彩潜蝇发育周期短,世代重叠严重,卵和幼虫在叶片内钻蛀取食。很多药剂难以接触靶标,加之使用药剂种类选择不当,化学防治效果时常不理想。也有生产者频繁使用杀虫剂,造成豌豆彩潜蝇产生抗药性,结果既杀伤了自然天敌,豌豆彩潜蝇的为害也越来越重。