后嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治规划中水资源循环问题的探讨

本文探讨了石嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治中的水资源循环问题。笔者认为,在我国西北地区,维持湿地水资源循环是保障湿地生态功能可持续发挥的关键,也是进行湿地综合整治规划时应优先考虑的问题。区域水资源平衡是确保湿地水资源有效循环的基础,在规划中应充分分析湿地的来水水源和水资源消耗,由此确定湿地水资源循环的方式和线路。北沙湖湿地水循环确定了4条外循环线路和2条内循环线路。在水资源循环体系建设中,应充分利用现有水利设施和地势条件,尽量采用自流循环,减少设施设备投资和能源消耗。     

Factors affecting forest growth and possible effects of climate change in the Taihang Mountains, northern China

To estimate the possible effects of site factors and climatechange on forest growth in the Taihang Mountains, northern China,we assessed the factors influencing forest growth by using forestinventory data from 712 forest sample plots. Meteorologicaldata from 77 meteorological stations in the region were usedto estimate temperature and precipitation at each site fromelevation and longitude. Analyses showed that temperature, aspect,precipitation and soil thickness all significantly influencedforest growing stock (FGS), i.e. stem volume. When temperaturerose, FGS was reduced, possibly because increasing temperatureincreased evapotranspiration. Precipitation had a positive effecton FGS. The effect of aspect on FGS was perfectly expressedas a cosine function, with south-west- and south-facing slopeshaving the lowest FGS and north-facing slopes having the highest.We developed multifactorial regression models to predict changesin FGS in the Taihang Mountains. Temperature, forest age, forestcover, soil thickness, precipitation and aspect were well relatedto FGS. The effects of a temperature decrease and a precipitationincrease on FGS would be 2.5–8 per cent per degree centigradeand 10 per cent per 100 mm, respectively. The combination oftemperature increase and precipitation changes under futureclimate change is likely to result in a decrease of FGS, thoughthis does not take account the effect of increasing CO₂. Wealso used multifactorial regression models to analyse the effectsof site factors on FGS of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Robiniapseudoacacia L., two major species used in afforestation inthe Taihang Mountains. Although site factors had similar effectson FGS, diameter at breast height and tree height of both species,prediction accuracy (regression coefficient) was improved greatlywhen we treated the species separately.     

Expression of a scorpion toxin gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">BmKit</Emphasis> enhances the virulence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lecanicillium lecanii</Emphasis> against aphids

Lecanicillium lecanii has been developed as biopesticides and widely used in the biological control of several insects in agricultural practice. However, the poor efficacy has blocked its application. The genetic manipulation has been proved as a useful tool to improve the virulence of entomopathogenic fungus. In this study, a scorpion toxin gene (BmKit) from Buthus martensi was cloned and transferred into L. lecanii and then its resulting activity against cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) was assessed. The results showed that the engineered strain BmKit-12 grew significantly quicker than WT in host insects. The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) for BmKit-12 was 7.1-fold lower than that for WT, and the median survival time (LT₅₀) for BmKit-12 was reduced by 26.5 % compared with that for WT. Although the conidial yield was reduced by 31.4 % on insect cadavers, the mycelia growth, sporulation, and conidia germination of BmKit-12 on plates were not significantly different from WT. Considering the lower amount of mycelia for BmKit-12 in host insects in late growth stage (fungal sporulation stage), we think the expression of BmKit may not affect the capability of sporulation. In conclusion, the expression of BmKit gene can significantly enhance the pathogenicity of L. lecanii against cotton aphids in a relatively cost-effective way.     

硼对瓜叶菊生长的影响

以不同浓度的硼喷施瓜叶菊叶面,探究硼对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响。结果表明:喷施一定浓度的硼能有效促进瓜叶菊叶片宽度的增大,植株的增高;瓜叶菊叶片内叶绿素、可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酸活性的提高;瓜叶菊的千粒重及发芽率也有较大的提高;延长了瓜叶菊的花期和寿命。施用 0 05%浓度的硼综合效果最好。     

林木组培工厂化育苗技术的研究

叙述了建立一间年产１００万株林木组培苗育苗工厂的情况。对实施林木工厂化育苗的技术路线，关键技术和几个生产工艺流程进行了论述，并对工厂的组成部分及设施，瓶苗大量移栽技术及组培苗苗圃管理等进行了较系统的研究。     

富硒女贞子粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

从富硒女贞子及女贞子中提取粗多糖,探讨其对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将90只小鼠随机均分为3组:对照组、富硒女贞子粗多糖组、普通女贞子粗多糖组。对照组灌服生理盐水,试验组小鼠灌服粗多糖液,灌服2次,每次连续5 d。2次灌胃的第3天注射卵清蛋白,二免后测定胸腺脾脏指数;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖水平;ELISA试剂盒检测血清中IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平及相应抗体生成水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组脾脏和胸腺指数明显升高,脾淋巴细胞增殖作用显著提高;IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ生成水平明显提高,其中IFN-γ与对照组存在显著差异;而对特异性卵清抗体生成影响不大。这表明富硒女贞子粗多糖较普通女贞子粗多糖能更好地促进机体非特异性免疫及细胞免疫,从而增强机体免疫功能,在特异性体液免疫的作用方面则没有表现出明显的规律性,还需进一步研究。     

应用热扩散技术对油松栓皮栎比导率的研究

2001年4-10月,应用热扩散技术研究北京西山地区31年生油松栓皮栎混交林标准木的比导率并对13个环境因子的变化规律进行同步观测.结果表明,在野外自然条件下,油松和栓皮栎的比导率在标准日内均呈明显的凸形变化规律,栓皮栎的比导率始终高于油松.影响树木比导率的因素基本上可以分为2类,即生物学结构的遗传特性和环境因素.在林分生长期内的不同时段,环境因子对2个树种比导率的作用各不相同,即使是同一树种,在各个时段内对其比导率产生显著影响的环境因子也不是一成不变的,但一般可用少数几个环境影响因子来比较准确地模拟出比导率的变化.     

树文化自信育大国工匠——少数民族地区高职旅游英语课程思政探索

指出了少数民族地区地处偏僻、地方经济相对落后,要实现“为国家和地方经济发展培养适应生产、建设、管理、服务第一线需要的数以百万计的应用型技术技能人才”的教育目标、助力脱贫攻坚,则践行立德树人的根本任务更为突出。因此,探索了高职旅游英语课程思政的有效路径,并从教师、教材、教法3个角度切入,提出了教师跨学科优化团队建设、教材融合地方少数民族特色研发、教法基于产出导向(POA)拓展教学时空等有效路径。     

Effect of Chilling Stress on Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Adjustment Substances and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Two White Clover Cultivars

Although white clover has been widely studied and applied, less is known about its physiological responses to chilling stress in northern China. The effects of acclimation time of chilling stress in the two white clover cultivars, Rivendel and Haifa, after exposure to 4℃ for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h were investigated. Seven physiological indexes were measured in shoots of the two cultivars. It was found that Rivendel had a strong ability to maintain the stability of cells, cope with oxidative damage and accumulate osmotic adjustment substances compared with Haifa. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation on the chilling tolerance of the two cultivars based on subordinate function value analysis showed a stronger chilling tolerance of Rivendel than Haifa.