乡土植物在青海省高等级公路绿化中的应用

乡土植物是在长期的系统演化过程中,经过严格自然选择的优胜者,它们与当地的气候、土壤相适应,具有适应性广、抗病虫害能力高、抗逆性强等特点。本文通过总结近年来乡土植物在青海公路绿化中的实践经验,就如何合理规划应用乡土植物进行了阐述。     

液相色谱质谱联用分离、鉴定芥蓝中脱硫芥子油苷

    从芥蓝菜薹中提取芥子油苷,经阴离子交换柱DEAE-Sephadex A-25纯化和硫酸酯酶脱硫,得到脱硫芥子油苷提取液.比较了两种高效液相色谱的流动相体系(甲醇与水体系和乙腈与水体系)及两种长度(250 mm×4.6 mm和150 mm×4.6 mm)的C18色谱柱(Prontosil ODS2,粒径5μm)对芥蓝脱硫芥子油苷的分离效果,确定分离条件为乙腈与水流动相体系和250 mm×4.6 mm C18柱.采用质谱联用及紫外扫描,在芥蓝菜薹中检测出7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷,其中4-甲硫基丁基芥子油苷为第一次在芥蓝中检测到.芥蓝中主要以脂肪族芥子油苷为主,占总芥子油苷含量的91.6%,而吲哚组芥子油苷的含量仅占8.4%.其中,3-丁烯基芥子油苷和4-甲基亚硫酰丁基芥子油苷为主要芥子油苷组分,分别占总含量的47.9%和35.5%,而含量最低的为4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基芥子油苷,只占总芥子油苷含量的0.2%.     

Cold Storage of Six Marine Benthic Diatoms Native to the Mexico Pacific Coast

Cultures of six benthic diatoms were maintained in the dark to measure their viability and biochemical composition after 8 wk of storage at low temperature (4 C) in darkness by refrigeration. Cell density, growth rate, and viability for each benthic diatom changed significantly after storage. Significant differences were observed with regard to cell size (length and width) of Nitzschia laevis, Navicula sp., and Amphora tenerrima as a result of storage. In general, the proximal composition of the benthic diatom cultures changed after week 1 of storage and decreased after week 4 of storage for all the diatoms. These results demonstrate that under 1–4 wk of storage these diatoms maintain their viability and had changes in their proximal composition in species‐specific responses. Storage of preserved live microalgae cells is an alternative technique that can be used to reduce the need for continuous maintenance of live cultures and can provide live feed stock for aquaculture applications.     

Comparison of Blood Physiological and Biological Indexes of the Polled Yak and Horned Yak

The blood physiological and biological indexes were determined in both polled and horned yaks, to investigate the differences of body condition and metabolism between the two breeds, and provide a comprehensive understanding for new yak breeds. Thirty physiological and biochemical indexes of the polled and horned yaks were measured, and all these data were analyzed by independent-samples t test to compare the same index between the two groups. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in 11 indexes,5 indexes reached significant differences (P<0.05) and no significant differences (P>0.05) in 14 indexes between the polled and horned yaks. The results suggested that the polled yak was easier to adapt to the plateau hypoxia and there were many differences in adaptability of plateau hypoxia, kidney metabolism, liver metabolism and the growth and development of the bone between the polled and horned yak. This study could provide scientific basis for better protection and utilization of yak and the selection of the new yak breeds.     

A role for DNA characterisation in ovine footrot

Bacteroides nodosus involved in several outbreaks of ovine footrot over a number of years were subjected to DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Individual isolates were found to have characteristic Bam HI profiles which permitted their accurate identification and differentiation from other isolates. Bam HI profiles of B. nodosus isolates were used in epidemiological investigations involving consecutive outbreaks of footrot on individual and neighbouring farms. The relationship of given isolates to a common source could be established by this means. Restriction endonuclease analysis provides an additional epidemiological tool in ovine footrot investigations as it accurately identifies interstrain differences in a manner not possible by conventional bacteriological and serological means.     

表面活性剂辅助的甲硫氨酸和色氨酸叶面喷施对芥蓝生长及菜薹芥子油苷组分和含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷的合成前体甲硫氨酸和色氨酸单独及配合表面活性剂叶面喷施对芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L.)生长及菜薹中芥子油苷组分和含量的影响。结果表明,各处理对芥蓝生长指标及芥子油苷组分无显著影响,在芥蓝菜薹中均检测到7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷。与喷施清水对照相比,甲硫氨酸、色氨酸单独叶面喷施及表面活性剂辅助的色氨酸叶面喷施,对芥蓝菜薹总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷含量和总吲哚族芥子油苷含量均无显著影响。表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施处理中菜薹总芥子油苷和总脂肪族芥子油苷含量比清水对照处理分别提高28.5%和31.9%,其中在11种芥子油苷中脂肪族芥子油苷3-丁烯基芥子油苷含量提高幅度最大,达到44.3%,同时表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施显著提高了芥蓝菜薹全硫含量并降低了氮硫比(N/S)。本试验结果表明,有效供给甲硫氨酸能明显促进脂肪族芥子油苷的合成和积累,而辅之以表面活性剂能增进叶面对甲硫氨酸的吸收效果,其影响机理还有待进一步研究。     

西藏草地资源价值及退化损失评估

用4类共13个指标评估了西藏草地资源的价值,并根据草地资源退化速率评估了草地价值年损失量.结果表明,西藏草地资源的价值为1080.33×108元·a-1,包括:调节功能价值884.4989×108元·a-1(81.87%);实物提供价值173.2957×108元·a-1(16.04%);支持功能价值18.6253×108元·a-1(1.72%);旅游功能价值3.91×108元·a-1(0.36%).其中,调节功能的价值由6项组成(空气质量调节未计算),依大小次序排列为土壤碳累积、蓄水、营养物质循环、土壤保持、废弃物降解和养分归还.总体来看,草地资源的文化功能和支持功能有待进一步发展.西藏草地资源的总价值(现值)为11883.63亿元,退化损失的价值为2376.726亿元,年草地资源退化损失价值为297.091亿元.     

胎儿期与成年期蒙古马骨骼肌肌纤维类型转化研究

为探索影响蒙古马胎儿期和成年期肌纤维类型差异机理.本研究选取3匹4月龄胎儿(两母一公)与3匹5岁健康成年母马身体4块分布全身、具有代表性的肌肉组织(长臂三头肌、夹肌、背最长肌、臀中肌)作为一个整体.胎儿期蒙古马肌纤维和成年期蒙古马肌纤维因存在差异各做为一组,试验进行3个生物学重复.首先对蒙古马骨骼肌肌肉样品进行免疫组化...     

实验室计量认证（复审）——规范化管理方法的探讨

以实验室规范化管理工作中积累的一些经验为基础,对实验室计量认证（复审）工作进行了认真的探讨,确定建立符合实验室资质认定评审准则的质量体系,按体系文件进行检测工作全程序质量控制,以期探索出一种操作性强并具有广泛普及意义的“实验室规范化管理方法”。