Potato absorption and phytoavailability of Cd,Ni, Cu,Zn and Pb in sierozem soils amended with municipal sludge compost

Effects of sludge utilization on the mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil-plant systems have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the effects of municipal sludge compost(MSC) on the solubility and plant uptake of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in a soil-potato system to explore the mobility, potato plant uptake and enrichment of these five heavy metals in sierozem soils amended with MSC through a potato cultivation trial in Lanzhou University of China in 2014. Ridge regression analysis was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of heavy metals in amended soils. Furthermore, CaCl_2, CH_3 COONH_4, CH_3COOH, diethylene triamine pentacetic acid(DTPA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) were used to extract the labile fraction of heavy metals from the amended soils. The results show that the MSC could not only improve the fertility but also increase the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of sierozem soils. The total concentrations and labile fraction proportions of heavy metals increase with increasing MSC percentage in sierozem soils. In amended soils, Cd has the highest solubility and mobility while Ni has the lowest solubility and mobility among the five heavy metals. The MSC increases the concentrations of heavy metals in the root, stem, peel and tuber of the potato plant, with the concentrations being much higher in the stem and root than in the peel and tuber. Among the five heavy metals, the bioconcentration factor value of Cd is the highest, while that of Ni is the lowest. The complexing agent(DTPA and EDTA) extractable fractions of heavy metals are the highest in terms of phytoavailability. Soil properties(including organic matter, p H and DOC) have important impacts on the phytoavailability of heavy metals. Our results suggest that in soil-potato systems, although the MSC may improve soil fertility, it can also increase the risk of soils exposed to heavy metals.     

2016—2018年度国家区试小麦品种品质性状灰色关联度分析与评价

为研究近年来参试小麦品系品质状况并筛选优质品种,对2016—2018年参加国家冬麦区黄淮南片水地组品种区域试验的20个小麦新品系的5个性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,各指标与品质综合评价值的关联度(r_i)和权重(r_j)2年均表现为容重>湿面筋含量/吸水率>蛋白质含量>稳定时间。2017年5个品种综合评价值高于对照,2018年10个品种综合评价值高于对照。‘郑科麦136’连续2年综合评价值列首位。无论是否考虑各指标对品质影响的权重,‘漯麦26’品质2年间差异最小。灰色关联度分析法在品质性状评价中具有一定的科学性,但受评价指标较少、各指标赋权合理性的影响,有一些局限性。在品种应用时应根据最终用途进行细化评价,不同类型的品质参数应分别做灰色关联度分析,以保证分析结果准确。     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.     

拖拉机电液悬挂系统及控制技术

针对传统拖拉机机械式三点悬挂的功能局限性问题，采用智能控制技术，实现了电液系统的信息集成，特别是对于负载传感液压系统及控制器研制了新的技术方案，通过建模与仿真，提出了基于CAN通讯的设计方法，研制了控制面板、控制器、传感器、液压系统和悬挂机构，经试验验证，实现了拖拉机悬挂系统优化提升，特别适合拖拉机的复合农田作业。      

农业工程专业实践教学探索

农业工程学科作为农业学科3大支柱学科的重要组成部分，是直接为农业服务的应用型学科。针对农业工程专业的特点和当前农业工程的教学现状，以培养实践型人才为核心，对教学方式进行创新优化，搭建“课堂试验-校内实训-企业实习”的多元化实践教学平台，提高农业工程专业学生的综合素质。      

拮抗农业致病菌放线菌G5发酵条件的优化

微生物的发酵过程十分复杂,培养基配方的组成以及培养条件的变化都会对菌体的代谢造成很大的影响。为了使抗生素的产量达到最大化,试验运用了Plackett-Burman试验设计、最陡爬坡试验、BoxBehnken试验设计对放线菌(Actinomycetes)G5进行了发酵条件优化。利用Plackett-Burman试验设计对影响放线菌G5发酵的诸多相关因素进行评估并筛选出3个主要因素,即碳源含量、培养温度和培养时间;之后根据3个主要因素的作用大小和方向进行了最陡爬坡试验;最后运用Box-Behnken试验设计确定最优值,得出其最优培养条件为淀粉含量21.66 g/L、培养温度27.70℃、培养时间7.75 d。在此条件下,抗生素对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌圈直径为23.00 mm,与模型预测值基本一致。     

3PZ-6000型智能苹果植保机设计

为减小果树的病虫害影响，设计一种3PZ-6000型智能苹果植保机。该机结构紧凑，具有可升降轴流风送式喷雾装置、液力驱动无级变速履带式行走机构。并配备无线射频控制平台，可实现对机器启停、速度和药量调整等智能控制，极大提高苹果植保环节的作业效率，经济、生态和社会效益明显，是促进苹果生产全程机械化的一种重要机型。