“两山”理念背景下浙江安吉竹产业发展的思考和建议

竹产业是浙江安吉县绿色支柱产业，但近年来在多种不利因素的叠加影响下，安吉县竹产业发展遭遇瓶颈期，甚至出现了整体性严重下滑。文章在分析安吉县竹产业发展面临问题的基础上，提出了加快竹产业高质量可持续发展的建议和对策。     

饲料中添加丁酸钠对草鱼生长、消化酶活性、血清生化指标和肠道组织学的影响

为了探究饲料中补充不同水平丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血清生化指标和肠道组织形态的影响，分别添加0 mg/kg (SB0)、1 000 mg/kg (SB1)、2 000 mg/kg(SB2)和3 000 mg/kg (SB3)的微囊丁酸钠(含50%丁酸钠)至基础饲料中，设计4组等氮等脂的实验饲料。选取300尾体质健康的草鱼(10.0±0.1) g，分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复25尾鱼，放置在水泥池中养殖8周。结果显示，各组草鱼增重率为273.7%～279.9%，饲料系数为1.55～1.60，饲料中补充丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能和体成分无显著影响。与对照组相比，添加不同水平的丁酸钠均显著提高了肠道蛋白酶活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，降低了血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性，SB1组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著升高，而SB2和SB3组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低。各组肠道淀粉酶活性、血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)和D-乳酸(D-LA)无显著差异。在肠道组织学方面，各丁酸钠补充组肠道绒毛高度和SB1、SB2组肌层厚度显著...     

赤铁矿改性生物炭回收水中磷及其作为磷肥的效果

利用生物炭材料的吸附作用回收污水中的磷，作为磷肥应用到土壤进行农业生产是一种简单有效、成本低廉的措施，成为解决环境污染和磷资源紧缺问题的一种潜在方案。该研究采用单因素结合响应面方法优化赤铁矿（H）改性核桃壳生物炭（BC）的制备工艺。通过模型拟合分析了改性生物炭（H-BC）对水中磷（P）的吸附特性，并测试表征探讨其吸附机理。最后，将饱和吸附磷后的改性生物炭（H-BC-P）应用到土壤，采用盆栽试验分析其作为磷肥的效果和潜力。结果表明：核桃壳/赤铁矿质量比为1:1，在850 ℃下热解45 min制得的改性生物炭对磷的去除率达到98.42%，饱和吸附量为15.59 mg/g。H-BC吸附P的过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich模型，表明该过程是多分子层吸附，化学吸附是限制吸附速率的主要步骤。酸性条件有利于H-BC对P的吸附，从成本角度考虑，H-BC的最佳用量为2.5 g/L。H-BC-P可以改良酸性土壤pH，增加土壤全磷和Olsen-P含量。黄棕壤和红壤中生菜的生物量均有明显增加。研究表明赤铁矿改性生物炭是一种环境友好的磷吸附剂，且吸附磷后的残渣可以作为磷肥应用到土壤。     

Visual Navigation for Automatic Guided Vehicles Based on Active Contour Model

Lane detection and tracking algorithm based on active contour model was proposed to solve the poor robustness and real time problem for vision navigation under factory or agricultural nonlinear illumination conditions. First of all, it was illustrated that navigation problem was equivalent to calculation of polynomial curve parameters, which could describe the navigation lanes. Secondly, the external energy function of active contour model was investigated, including three energy terms. The first energy term was about the Euclidean distance between lane colors and colors on one side of polynomial curve, by minimizing the first energy term could attract polynomial curve to navigation lanes. The second energy term was about the edge features, which could attract polynomial curve to lane edges. The third energy term was about the position difference of polynomial curve between adjacent frames, which could limit curve to change abruptly. Finally, the energy function was simplified to a nonlinear least squares problem, and the Gauss-Newton method as well as the Armijo-Goldstein inexact line search method were used to solve this problem. Home video and independent car were tested, the result showed that the algorithm achieved a navigation accuracy of 98.96% for both the straight lane and bending lane under nonlinear illumination, with average processing time of 40.18ms, and the independent car could walk along the navigation lane successfully. Experiment result showed that the algorithm was robust and real-time.     

基于16S rDNA测序的巢湖流域水体粪便污染溯源

排入地表水中的动物粪便会带来一系列生态与公共卫生问题，快速准确鉴别污染来源对于源头控制与污染治理具有重要意义。基于细菌群落的微生物溯源技术（Community-based microbial source tracking）以及高通量DNA测序技术（Next-generation sequencing，NGS），对污染源中微生物和环境样本中的微生物群落进行比较分析，进而对水体中粪便污染来源进行预测。本文利用16S rDNA测序，系统分析与比较了巢湖流域水体、沉积物样本与广泛的潜在污染源（包括村庄与养猪场污水，野生水鸟粪便，人类与家禽、家畜粪便）的细菌群落组成，同时，利用基于机器学习的溯源软件FEAST与Sourcetracker，对水体、沉积物样本的潜在污染源进行了预测。结果表明：水体与沉积物样本的微生物多样性显著高于粪便样本，其中巢湖水体与河流沉积物样本具有最高的物种多样性，同时样本中也存在大量未分类物种。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria），拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）广泛分布于所有样本中。溯源分析结果表明，村庄排污口与污水处理厂排污口样本是河水样本最主要的污染来源，沉积物与湖水样本则预测存在猪场排污水与野生水鸟粪便的污染，所有样本未检测到来自人粪与鸡粪的污染。