用约束最大似然法估计多胎动物的遗传力和共同环境效应

本文研究对于多胎动物利用约束最大似然法(REML)估计父畜、父内窝间和剩余误差的方差组分。以猪达到105公斤体重的日龄(D105)和背膘厚度(ABF)为例,把D105和ABF的记录都调整到以105公斤为基础。采用的混合模型包括出生一年一月(BYM)、猪的性别和母猪产次的固定效应,随机效应是父畜、BYM和父畜内的窝及剩余误差。利用REML来估计父畜的方差组分(0 0,BYM和父畜内的窝方差组分和剩余误差。假定这些方差来源内的每个随机效应相互独立和同一分布,即Var=Iσ_s~2,VasIσ_1~2Var(e)=Iσ_e~2;随机效应间不存在协方差,即COV=0,Cov=0,COV=0。遗传力(h~2)和同窝小猪的共同环境效应(C~2)的估值分别按=和=计算。 C     

中国美利奴羊在南方引种试验中的羊毛品质

从新疆紫泥泉种羊场引进的中国美利奴羊在南方山区亚高山草场进行饲养试验,在终年放牧、冬春枯草期补饲少量精料、干草的条件下,经2年多风土驯化,羊毛的长度、强度、伸度、含脂率、胱氨酸及含硫量等均接近或超过原产地的指标。其中净毛率提高10％～12％,但毛纤维上、中、下3段不匀现象较严重。     

食物源性铜、锌对鸡体内铜代谢的影响

实验结果表明:鸡饲料中添加的铜越多,向胆汁排泄的铜越多,肝脏对铜并无显著的积累作用。当鸡饲料中补充锌以后,可以诱导肠粘膜浆液中金属硫蛋白(MT)结合更多的铜。但若先以锌诱导MT合成,然后再同时补充铜时,与MT结合的铜并无明显增多,胆汁中排出的铜还略有下降,肝脏中亦无过多铜的积累作用。因而提示锌有占位性结合在肠粘膜浆液中MT上,妨碍了它进一步与铜结合。并减少铜的真性吸收。     

Kinematic Motion Patterns of the Cranial and Caudal Canine Cervical Spine

Objective: To define the kinematic motion patterns of the canine cervical spine, with a particular emphasis on identifying differences between the cranial (C₂–C₄) and caudal (C₅–C₇) segments, and to determine the significance of coupled motions (CM) in the canine cervical spine. Study Design: Cadaveric biomechanical study. Sample Population: Cervical spines of 8 Foxhounds. Methods: Spinal specimens were considered free of pathology based on radiographic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. All musculature was removed without damaging ligaments or joint capsules. Spines were mounted in a customized pure‐moment spine testing jig, and data were collected using an optoelectronic motion capture system. Range of motion, neutral zone and CM in flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation were established. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects maximum likelihood regression models. Results: Total flexion/extension did not change across the 4 levels. There was no difference between flexion and extension, and no CM was identified. Lateral bending was not different across levels, but tended to be greater in the cranial spine. Axial rotation was ～2.6 times greater in the caudal segments. Lateral bending and axial rotation were coupled. Conclusions: Kinematics of the cranial and caudal cervical spine differed markedly with greater mobility in the caudal cervical spine.