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81.
82.
Soma LR Uboh CE Guan F Moate P Luo Y Teleis D Li R Birks EK Rudy JA Tsang DS 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2004,27(2):71-77
The pharmacokinetics of clenbuterol (CLB) following a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration twice daily for 7 days were investigated in thoroughbred horses. The plasma concentrations of CLB following i.v. administration declined mono-exponentially with a median elimination half-life ( t 1/2k ) of 9.2 h, area under the time–concentration curve ( AUC ) of 12.4 ng·h/mL, and a zero-time concentration of 1.04 ng/mL. Volume of distribution ( V d ) was 1616.0 mL/kg and plasma clearance ( Cl ) was 120.0 mL/h/kg. The terminal portion of the plasma curve following multiple p.o. administrations also declined mono-exponentially with a median elimination half-life ( t 1/2k ) of 12.9 h, a Cl of 94.0 mL/h/kg and V d of 1574.7 mL/kg. Following the last p.o. administration the baseline plasma concentration was 537.5 ± 268.4 and increased to 1302.6 ± 925.0 pg/mL at 0.25 h, and declined to 18.9 ± 7.4 pg/mL at 96 h. CLB was still quantifiable in urine at 288 h following the last administration (210.0 ± 110 pg/mL). The difference between plasma and urinary concentrations of CLB was 100-fold irrespective of the route of administration. This 100-fold urine/plasma difference should be considered when the presence of CLB in urine is reported by equine forensic laboratories. 相似文献
83.
Soma LR Uboh CE Guan F Luo Y Teleis D Runbo L Birks EK Tsang DS Habecker P 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2004,27(2):91-98
Plasma and tissue concentrations of clenbuterol (CLB) were determined following oral (p.o.) administration of 1.6 microg/kg twice daily (b.i.d.) for 2 weeks. Horses were administered the last dose on morning of day 15, killed at 0.25, 24, 48, and 72 h post-administration. At 0.25 h, the highest tissue concentrations of CLB were found in the liver (16.21 ng/g), lung (6.48 ng/g), left ventricle (4.99 ng/g), kidney (3.35 ng/g), bronchi (2.56 ng/g), right ventricle (2.08 ng/g), and eye fluids (1.09 ng/g) all of which were higher than that of plasma (1.10 ng/mL). The elimination half-lives (t(1/2k)) for CLB in tissues ranged from 21.2 to 56.3 h, the longest were in the eye fluids (56.9 h), spleen (21.2 h), cerebrum (27.1 h), cerebellum (21.5) and cecum (23.7 h). The t(1/2k) for plasma was 10.9 h. Tissue/plasma ratios of liver (14.7), lung (5.9), left ventricle (4.6), kidney (3.1), bronchi, (2.3) and right ventricle (1.9) were high at 0.25 h and remained elevated up to 72 h. Accumulation and sustained high concentration of CLB relative to plasma in these tissues contributed to the prolonged elimination and the ability to quantify CLB in plasma and urine for a prolonged period. 相似文献
84.
Investigation of the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccination on Thoroughbred racing performance 下载免费PDF全文
K Schemann EJ Annand PA Reid MF Lenz PC Thomson NK Dhand 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(4):132-141
Objective
To evaluate the effect of Equivac® HeV Hendra virus vaccine on Thoroughbred racing performance.Design
Retrospective pre‐post intervention study.Methods
Thoroughbreds with at least one start at one of six major south‐eastern Queensland race tracks between 1 July 2012 and 31 December 2016 and with starts in the 3‐month periods before and after Hendra virus vaccinations were identified. Piecewise linear mixed models compared the trends in ‘Timeform rating’ and ‘margin to winner’ before and after initial Hendra virus vaccination. Generalised linear mixed models similarly compared the odds of ‘winning’, ‘placing’ (1st–3rd) and ‘winning any prize money’. Timeform rating trends were also compared before and after the second and subsequent vaccinations.Results
Analysis of data from 4208 race starts by 755 horses revealed no significant difference in performance in the 3 months before versus 3 months after initial Hendra vaccination for Timeform rating (P = 0.32), ‘Margin to winner’ (P = 0.45), prize money won (P = 0.25), wins (P = 0.64) or placings (P = 0.77). Further analysis for Timeform rating for 7844 race starts by 928 horses failed to identify any significant change in Timeform rating trends before versus after the second and subsequent vaccinations (P = 0.16) or any evidence of a cumulative effect for the number of vaccines received (P = 0.22).Conclusion
No evidence of an effect of Hendra virus vaccination on racing performance was found. The findings allow owners, trainers, industry regulators and animal health authorities to make informed decisions about vaccination. 相似文献85.
Mara S. Varvil Gillian Haanen Mario F. Sola Tsang Lin Janice E. Kritchevsky John A. Christian 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2019,48(2):293-299
Mammary carcinoma is rare in cattle with only a handful of cases found in the literature, and none have reported an associated hypercalcemia. An 8‐year‐old Holstein‐Friesian heifer was presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital's Large Animal Hospital with a 3‐month history of lethargy. Laboratory abnormalities included ionized hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia (2.28 mmol/L and 1.8 mg/dL, respectively). Physical examination revealed a mammary mass that was cytologically described as a suspected mammary carcinoma, which was later confirmed by histologic evaluation. On surgical removal of the mass, calcium initially decreased rapidly, and within a few days was within the RI, further supporting a diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy in a heifer. However, attempts to confirm this using hormone profiles (parathyroid hormone [PTH], parathyroid hormone‐related protein [PTHrp], and calcitriol) were inconclusive due to the lack of validated assays and RIs for cattle. Immunohistochemical staining for PTHrP showed scattered cytoplasmic staining among the neoplastic cells, suggesting PTHrP production by these cells. 相似文献
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87.
Liuwei Wang Yong Sik Ok Daniel C. W. Tsang Daniel S. Alessi Jörg Rinklebe Hailong Wang Ondřej Mašek Renjie Hou David O'Connor Deyi Hou 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):358-386
As a waste-derived soil amendment with a long history, biochar has received extensive attention for its capability to improve soil fertility/health; remove or immobilize contaminants in soil, water and air; and mitigate climate change. With the aim of producing engineered biochars with excellent performances, new trends in biochar pyrolytic production and modification strategies have emerged. This review critically summarizes novel pyrolysis methods (e.g., microwave-assisted pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis and wet pyrolysis) and modification approaches (e.g., mineral modification, photocatalytic modification, electrochemical modification) with a focus on (a) the mechanisms involved in environmental remediation processes including soil immobilization, contaminant adsorption and catalytic oxidation; (b) effects of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions on physicochemical properties; (c) sustainability considerations in novel modification and pyrolysis strategies; and (d) the feasibility of extrapolating the results from wastewater treatment to soil remediation. It is argued that in order to achieve the maximum net environmental benefits, ‘greener’ modification methods are warranted, and the risks associated with pyrolysis of contaminated feedstock in soil amendment and contaminant sorption can be minimized through various novel approaches (e.g., co-pyrolysis). Furthermore, novel pyrolysis methods can be combined with emerging modification strategies to synthesize more ‘effective’ biochars. Considering the similar aims of modification (e.g., increase surface area, introduce oxygen-containing functional groups, increase aromaticity), the applicability of several novel approaches could in future can be expanded from contaminant adsorption/degradation in aqueous media to soil remediation/fertility improvement. 相似文献
88.
Yan Jianfang Wang Lei Tsang Yiu Fai Qian Liwei Fu Xiaohua Sun Ying Wu Pengfei 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(2):675-689
Journal of Soils and Sediments - It is still controversial which type of plant litter is conducive to soil organic carbon (SOC) formation. Here we are to explore the conversion of organic carbon... 相似文献
89.
Lei Wang Binoy Sarkar Christian Sonne Yong Sik Ok Daniel C. W. Tsang 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):355-357
Rapid and far-reaching transitions are required to combat climate change and its impacts. Carbon capture and storage within mineral deposits is a promising solution to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. In-situ geological storage and ex-situ mineral sequestration are practically sufficient for sequestering all the anthropogenic CO2. Recent research reports that more than 95% of injected CO2 was mineralized into carbonates in two years by using in-situ geological approach, and mining wastes and secondary minerals were recycled as resources for ex-situ CO2 sequestration. However, geological activity is the major risk of in-situ storage, while high energy consumption and associated cost may limit the application of ex-situ carbonation. Significant technical breakthroughs of mineral and geological CO2 sequestration are therefore of vital importance to realize a “net-zero CO2 emissions” and even “carbon-negative” society. 相似文献
90.