Effects of homozygosity and stress on blood and bone calcium and magnesium

SUMMARY: The effect of homozygosity (measured by inbreeding coefficient) on the concentration of serum Ca and Mg ions as well as Mg ions concentrations in whole blood and bone tissue Mg and Ca content was studied. Wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Erxleben) were crossbred with albino outbred rats (Ipf:RIZ). F]-hybrids constituted the control group (0% of inbred). Using full-sibs mating, rats of 50% and 91% of inbred were reproduced. Half of each group was exposed to physical stress (PS) involving 3 d starvation, 3 h swimming and ether anaesthesia (to collect blood for examination), the other half was given only ether anaesthesia (ES). A significant (p < 0,01) linear decrease was observed in the concentration of Ca and Mg ions in serum, of Mg and Ca ions in bone tissue due to homozygosity increase, and a quadratic decrease of Mg content in whole blood. A considerable effect of the sex on Ca and Mg ion concentrations in serum, in particular under the conditions of severe physical stress was observed as well. Physical stress differentiated significantly Mg ion content in whole blood and serum. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Senkung der Konzentration von Calcium und Magnesium im Blut und im Knochengewebe bei Ratten durch Homozygotie und Stre? Bei Ratten unterschiedlichen Inzuchtgrades (%): 0, 59 und 91 wurden unter physischem Stre? (3 Tage Hungern und 3 h Schwimmen) mittels RIA die Konzentrationen von Calcium und Magnesium Ionen im Blutserum, Mg im ganzen Blut und Mg und Ca im Knochengewebe untersucht. Der Ausgangselternbestand (0% Inzucht) waren F(1) -Kreuzungen von wilden Wanderratten (Rattus norvegius Erxleben) mit Albino Ratten der nichtverwandten Linie Ipf:RIZ. Es wurde statistisch signifikante lineare Senkung der Konzentration von Ca und Mg Ionen im Blutserum, von Mg und Ca im Knochengewebe sowie (P ≤ 0,01) der Mg Konzentration im ganzen Blut unter dem Einflu? der Inzucht gefunden. Letztere folgt einem Polynom 2. Grades. Es wurde auch ein signifikanter Einflu? von Geschlecht auf Ca und Mg Ionen Konzentration im Blutserum, besonders bei dem starken physischen Stre?, beobachtet. Der physische Stre? hat gro?en Einflu? (P ≤ 0,01) auf Mg Konzentration im Blutserum sowie im ganzen Blut.     

Chylothorax associated with cryptococcal mediastinal granuloma in a cat

A 10-year-old neutered female cat had chylothorax, precaval syndrome, and a mediastinal granuloma resulting from infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Diagnosis of a chylous effusion was made by cytologic examination of pleural fluid and by finding higher triglyceride levels in the effusion than in serum (825 vs. 64 mg/dl, respectively). Postmortem examination revealed cryptococcal organisms in the mediastinal granuloma, lungs, cerebral meninges, and connective tissues adjacent to the thyroid gland. Chylous effusion in a cat associated with cryptococcosis has not been reported previously. Cryptococcosis should be included in the differential diagnosis in chylous effusions in cats.     

The effect of dose and concentration on D-xylose absorption in healthy,immature dogs

Nine combinations of dosages and concentrations of D-xylose were given orally to eight clinically normal, immature dogs. The concentrations and dosages of D-xylose consisted of 5%, 10%, and 20% at 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg. Serum samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes. Serum xylose was quantitated using the phloroglucinol microassay technique. A peak in serum xylose concentration was seen for each treatment combination at 60 or 90 minutes after dosing. The dosage effect was important in influencing serum xylose values (P < 0.0001). As the test solution dosages increased from 250 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg, serum xylose values (when dosage was analyzed over the length of the entire test) rose linearly (R(2) = 0.98). The treatment combinations of 5% and 20% xylose solutions dosed at 750 mg/kg produced the highest serum xylose values at the 60- and 90-minute peak intervals. The independent effect of concentration was significant (p < 0.001) but was overridden by the stronger dosage effect. Serum xylose concentrations varied little statistically (p > 0.05) when the 5%, 10%, and 20% solutions were compared at a specific dosage.     

Genetic relationship, inbreeding and generation interval in registered Gir cattle in Brazil

SUMMARY: Two-hundred random pedigrees of cows and fifty of sires born in 1987 from the Gir herdbook of the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders were analized. The bull Chave de Ouro DGR no. 2851 was the most influential animal with a 7% direct relationship to the breed. Total average inbreeding was 3.62 and 3.25 for the female and male sample, respectively. The subdivision of total inbreeding into current and non-current components resulted in values of 1.62, 1.25, 2.00 and 2.00 for the female and male sample, respectively. Long-term inbreeding was the principal component of non-current inbreeding, with values of 1.52% and 1.26%, respectively. Inbreeding due to strain formation strain due formation was less important (0.48% and 0.74%, respectively). The average generation interval was 8.02 years. The breed appears not yet to be subdivided into strains but this process may be starting. The average generation interval for the pedigree population was very high. Culling of old bulls could decrease this interval. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Verwandtschaft, Inzucht und Generationsintervall bei Gir Herdbuchrindern in Brasilien 200 zuf?llige Stammb?ume von Kühen und 50 von 1987 geborenen Stieren wurden vom Gir Herdbuch des brasilianischen Zebu Zuchtverbandes genommen. Der Stier Chave de Ouro DGR Nr. 2851 war das einflu?reichste Tier mit einer 7%igen direkten Verwandtschaft zur Rasse. Der gesamte Inzuchtkoeffizient war 3.6 und 3.25% für die weibliche und m?nnliche Stichprobe. Die Unterteilung der gesamten Inzucht in laufende und nicht laufende Komponenten resultierte in Werten von 1.62, 1.25, 2.0, 2.0 für die weibliche und die m?nnliche Stichprobe. Langfristige Inzucht war die Hauptursache für Nicht-Rezente Inzucht mit Werten von 1.5 und 1.26. Inzucht aufgrund von Linienbildung war weniger wichtig (0.48% und 0.74%). Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall war 8.02 Jahre. Die Rasse scheint noch nicht in Linien unterteilt zu sein, aber dieser Proze? k?nnte begonnen haben. Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall ist mit 8.02 Jahren sehr hoch. Nichtverwendung alter Stiere k?nnte dieses Intervall verkürzen.     

Serum bile acids and the assessment of hepatic function in dogs and cats

Current literature in veterinary internal medicine regarding the clinical use of the serum bile acids test to assess hepatobiliary function in dogs and cats is reviewed. The test is best used in cases where clinical signs and routine laboratory tests are suggestive of liver disease. It is a highly sensitive and specific test of hepatic function, and is the best method of assessing liver function available to the private practitioner. Abnormal results do not determine etiology, severity, or prognosis of the disorder. They merely indicate the need for hepatic biopsy. The serum bile acids concentration should always be measured in both a fasting and a two-hour postprandial sample.