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41.
Shiro Suzuki Kunihiro Suda Nozomu Sakurai Yoshiyuki Ogata Takefumi Hattori Hideyuki Suzuki Daisuke Shibata Toshiaki Umezawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(1):40-46
Acacia mangium is a fast-growing tree widely planted in tropical countries because of its rapid growth, high wood density, high fiber quality,
and good adaptability. Despite its importance as a fiber source in the pulp and paper industry, a large-scale analysis of
expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has not been performed in A. mangium. In this study, we sequenced 10 752 clones of a normalized complementary DNA (cDNA) library prepared from A. mangium developing secondary xylem and shoot, and obtained a total of 8963 ESTs. The ESTs were assembled into 6220 unigenes comprising
1614 contigs and 4606 singletons. The unigene set was then subjected to various bioinformatic analyses. BlastN searches of
the unigene set against the Gene Index Databases of soybean, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, grape, poplar, spruce, and pine demonstrated that the largest number of unigenes shared homologies with the soybean Gene
Indices. BlastX searches against the TAIR9 peptide database enabled us to annotate the unigenes. Based on the annotation,
we discussed whether the unigenes involved in the cell cycle, cell growth, shoot apical meristem development, and cell wall
biosynthesis were present. This new genomic resource will accelerate the functional genomics of wood formation and molecular
breeding to improve the wood properties of A. mangium. 相似文献
42.
43.
对氧碱漂白过程中木质素氧化进行定量分析,分析方法是基于氧化前后高锰酸钾消耗量的变化。该方法对溶出残余木质素的氧化结果分析发现其呈明显3个阶段:第一段木质素氧化的当量电荷数约4~5/木质素单元;木质素总氧化电荷数大约为9/木质素单元。这些数据以及甲氧基的脱除(75%)均表明:木质素的氧化不仅发生在酚型木质素单元,同时也发生在非酚型结构单元上。只有第一阶段氧化反应是木质素与氧气直接反应,而在第二、三阶段主要是协同氧化作用,氧化反应过程中产生的活性氧基团扮演了一定角色。通过对低浓度针叶材硫酸盐浆的氧漂研究发现:当卡伯值下降一半(25.4至13.4)时平均每个木质素单元氧化3当量电子,氧漂后的纸浆中仍然有大量未被氧化的残余木质素。定量地证明了在氧漂过程中木质素氧化是脱木质素反应的实质。 相似文献
44.
Mazzali PA Kawabata KS Maeda K Nomoto K Filippenko AV Ramirez-Ruiz E Benetti S Pian E Deng J Tominaga N Ohyama Y Iye M Foley RJ Matheson T Wang L Gal-Yam A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5726):1284-1287
Type Ic supernovae, the explosions after the core collapse of massive stars that have previously lost their hydrogen and helium envelopes, are particularly interesting because of their link with long-duration gamma ray bursts. Although indications exist that these explosions are aspherical, direct evidence has been missing. Late-time observations of supernova SN 2003jd, a luminous type Ic supernova, provide such evidence. Recent Subaru and Keck spectra reveal double-peaked profiles in the nebular lines of neutral oxygen and magnesium. These profiles are different from those of known type Ic supernovae, with or without a gamma ray burst, and they can be understood if SN 2003jd was an aspherical axisymmetric explosion viewed from near the equatorial plane. If SN 2003jd was associated with a gamma ray burst, we missed the burst because it was pointing away from us. 相似文献
45.
Tetsu Ando Nozomu Koseki Isamu Yasuhara Kie Kasuga Noritada Matsuo Takao Ishiwatari 《Pest management science》1994,40(4):307-312
The insecticidal activity of several new fluorinated pyrethroids was measured using houseflies untreated and treated with piperonyl butoxide (PB). 10, 10-Difluorophenothrin and 10, 10-difluoroallethrin, which include fluorine atoms at a position most easily attacked by mixed function oxidases (mfo) in the acid moiety, showed smaller topical LD50 values on the PB-untreated flies than the parent insecticides but rather large values on the PB-treated flies, suggesting that the introduction of fluorine prevents metabolic oxidation, although it has a negative effect on the interaction with a target site. Monofluorinated analogues of phenothrin, in which the structure of chrysanthemic acid was rearranged, still had moderate insecticidal activity, but flies were scarcely killed by 7 fluoroallethrin into which fluorine was introduced at a position most easily oxidized by mfo in the alcohol moiety. Competitive oxidation of the fluorinated derivatives and the parent compounds showed that fluorine at both the 10- and 7′-positions stabilizes the alkenyl side-chains of the pyrethroids against selenium dioxide and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Photochemical studies with 10, 10-difluorophenothrin indicated that the photo-instability of the cyclopropanecarboxylic part could not be improved by this modification. 相似文献
46.
Hajime Asada Mari Kojima Takuro Nagahara Yuko Goto‐Koshino James K. Chambers Taisuke Nakagawa Nozomu Yokoyama Kazuyuki Uchida Hajime Tsujimoto Koichi Ohno 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):874-878
A 9‐month‐old intact crossbred female cat was presented with jaundice, intermittent anorexia and lethargy, increased hepatic enzyme activities, and hyperammonemia. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomographic examinations determined that the liver had a rounded and irregular margin, and histopathological examination identified excessive accumulation of copper hepatocytes in the liver. Concentrations of both blood and urine copper were higher than in healthy cats. The patient responded well to treatment with penicillamine. Clinicopathological abnormalities and clinical signs improved within 2 months, and the patient was alive for >9 months after starting treatment. Genetic examination determined that the patient and its littermate had a single‐nucleotide variation (SNV, p. T1297R) that impaired the function of the ATP7B gene product; the gene that is mutated in patients with Wilson's disease (WD). Hepatic copper accumulation was believed to be associated with the SNV of the ATP7B gene, and the patient had a genetic disorder of copper metabolism equivalent to WD in humans. 相似文献
47.
Akifumi OGINO Motohiko ISHIDA Tetsuya ISHIKAWA Atsuo IKEGUCHI Miyoko WAKI Hiroshi YOKOYAMA Yasuo TANAKA Hiroyuki HIROOKA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(6):727-736
The objectives of this study were to assess and compare the environmental impacts of two types of dairy farming systems, one of which makes use of whole‐crop rice silage and the other of which is conventional, using life cycle assessment (LCA). The functional unit was defined as 1 kg of 4% fat‐corrected milk (FCM). The processes associated with the dairy farming life cycle, such as feed production, feed transport, animal management including biological activity of the animal, and waste treatment were included within the system's boundaries. Environmental impacts of the rice silage‐using and conventional dairy farming systems were 987 and 972 g CO2 equivalents for global warming, 6.87 and 7.13 g SO2 equivalents for acidification, 1.19 and 1.23 g PO4 equivalents for eutrophication, and 5.53 and 5.81 MJ for energy consumption, respectively. Our results suggest that the dairy farming system using rice silage in Japan has smaller environmental impacts for acidification, eutrophication, and energy consumption, and a larger impact for global warming compared with conventional farming. Further interpretation integrating these impact categories suggested 1.1% lower environmental impact of the rice silage‐using dairy farming system as a whole. 相似文献
48.
Ei-ichirou TAKAHARA Hideto YUASA Miho NISHIDA Youhei MANTANI Kankanam Gamage Sanath UDAYANGA Wang-Mei QI Takashi TAKEUCHI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Nobuhiko HOSHI Hiroshi KITAGAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):387-393
A portion of the minute chylomicrons less than 75 nm in diameter are transcytosed from
the extravascular tissue into the subepithelial blood capillaries (sBC) in the villous
apices of the rat jejunum. However, the details of the transportation mechanism have not
been clarified. In this study, the endothelial receptor involved in the transportation of
minute chylomicrons into the sBC’s lumina was immunohistochemically and
histoplanimetrically examined in intestinal villi of the rat jejunum. Immunopositivity for
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor was detected on the luminal and basal
surfaces of the endothelial cells of sBC in approximately 68% of those apices of jejunal
villi that possessed numerous chylomicrons in the lamina propria, while VLDL receptor was
detected on the endothelial cells of sBC in only approximately 8% of intestinal villi that
possessed few or no chylomicrons in the lamina propria. No immunopositivity for LDL
receptor was detected in the sBC of all intestinal villi. These findings suggest that VLDL
receptor is expressed by the endothelial cells of the sBC in conjunction with the filling
of the lamina propria of jejunal villi with many chylomicrons produced by the villous
columnar epithelial cells and that the VLDL receptor mediates the transportation of minute
chylomicrons, maybe VLDL, into the subepithelial portal blood from the extravascular
tissue of the rat jejunal villi. 相似文献
49.
Tetsushi HIRANO Shogo YANAI Takuya OMOTEHARA Rie HASHIMOTO Yuria UMEMURA Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Daichi NAGAHARA Eiko MATSUO Yoshiko AIHARA Ryota SHINOHARA Tomoyuki FURUYASHIKI Youhei MANTANI Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1207-1215
Neonicotinoids, some of the most widely used pesticides in the world, act as agonists to
the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects, resulting in death from
abnormal excitability. Neonicotinoids unexpectedly became a major topic as a compelling
cause of honeybee colony collapse disorder, which is damaging crop production that
requires pollination worldwide. Mammal nAChRs appear to have a certain affinity for
neonicotinoids with lower levels than those of insects; there is thus rising concern about
unpredictable adverse effects of neonicotinoids on vertebrates. We hypothesized that the
effects of neonicotinoids would be enhanced under a chronic stressed condition, which is
known to alter the expression of targets of neonicotinoids, i.e.,
neuronal nAChRs. We performed immunohistochemical and behavioral analyses in male mice
actively administered a neonicotinoid, clothianidin (CTD; 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day),
for 4 weeks under an unpredictable chronic stress procedure. Vacuolated seminiferous
epithelia and a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione
peroxidase 4 were observed in the testes of the CTD+stress mice. In an open field test,
although the locomotor activities were not affected, the anxiety-like behaviors of the
mice were elevated by both CTD and stress. The present study demonstrates that the
behavioral and reproductive effects of CTD become more serious in combination with
environmental stress, which may reflect our actual situation of multiple exposure. 相似文献
50.
Yuria UMEMURA Ryosuke MIYAMOTO Rie HASHIMOTO Kyoko KINOSHITA Takuya OMOTEHARA Daichi NAGAHARA Tetsushi HIRANO Naoto KUBOTA Kiichi MINAMI Shogo YANAI Natsumi MASUDA Hideto YUASA Youhei MANTANI Eiko MATSUO Toshifumi YOKOYAMA Hiroshi KITAGAWA Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1587-1598
Mammalian sexual fate is determined by the presence or absence of sex determining
region of the Y chromosome (Sry) in the “bipotential” gonads.
Recent studies have demonstrated that both male and female sexual development are induced
by distinct and active genetic pathways. Breeding the Y chromosome from Mus m.
domesticus poschiavinus (POS) strains into C57BL/6J (B6J) mice
(B6J-XYPOS) has been shown to induce sex reversal (75%: bilateral ovary, 25%:
true hermaphrodites). However, our B6N-XYPOS mice, which were generated by
backcrossing of B6J-XYPOS on an inbred B6N-XX, develop as males (36%: bilateral
testis with fertility as well as bilateral ovary (34%), and the remainder develop as true
hermaphrodites. Here, we investigated in detail the expressions of essential sex-related
genes and histological features in B6N-XYPOS mice from the fetal period to
adulthood. The onsets of both Sry and SRY-box 9 (Sox9) expressions as determined
spatiotemporally by whole-mount immunohistochemistry in the B6N-XYPOS gonads
occurred 2–3 tail somites later than those in B6N-XYB6 gonads, but earlier than
those in B6J-XYPOS, respectively. It is possible that such a small difference
in timing of the Sry expression underlies testicular development in our
B6N-XYPOS. Our study is the first to histologically show the expression and
ectopic localization of a female-related gene in the XYPOS testes and a
male-related gene in the XYPOS ovaries. The results from these and previous
experiments indicate that the interplay between genome variants, epigenetics and
developmental gene regulation is crucial for testis development. 相似文献