仙居针刺无骨花灯

针刺无骨花灯的历史渊源 “仙居针刺无骨花灯”，起源于唐朝，又称“唐灯”或“神灯”。传说唐开元年间，皤滩村有一秀才，夜行深山迷路，被一仙女以一盏“神灯”引路。此灯造型别致，制作精美，小巧玲珑，古朴典雅。灯身没有骨架，全由针刺成各种花纹图案的纸片粘贴而成。秀才返家后，依样画葫芦进行精工制作。制成后悬挂在自家门口，人见人爱、赞不绝口。“神灯”在秀才家落户后，仙女即变作村姑与秀才结为夫妇，夜夜夜陪秀才诵读诗文。大考之年，秀才得中状元。后来人们就把这盏无骨花灯称作“状元灯”。随后，     

试论森林可持续经营单元的时空尺度

尺度选择是科学研究的重要环节。本文评析传统森林经营单元的时空尺度选择特征及其局限性,指出为了实现森林可持续经营与发展,应该引进新的尺度观念,扩展森林经营单元的基本时空尺度。在简析景观管理与一般可持续发展研究关系基础上,从镶嵌体稳定和动态整体优化、对生物多样性保护工作的融合、生态服务功能表现的尺度依赖特征、采伐等行业实践的景观尺度影响、与其他景观尺度土地可持续管理工作的协调等角度重点论证景观尺度对于设计、管理以及度量森林可持续经营的独特价值;同时提出并初步讨论流域生态区、生态周期以及与景观相对应的世代尺度等时间尺度在森林可持续经营与发展中的应用。     

高速公路坡面防护草种选择和应用技术研究

根据试验及调查结果，分析研究了护坡草皮生长及水土保持效果的评价指标，分析评价了不同草种，选用不同的种植方法，在不同季节种植的生长状况和水土保持效果，并根据防护效果和不同的工程造价，确立适宜于我省或相近气候区域内公路坡面防护的优良草种及其种植方法。     

甜大节竹丰产栽培试验研究

设计甜大节竹不同时间、不同材料育苗试验和不同造林密度(间种农作物)对比试验研究,经过近8年试验观测,结果是用截杆留鞭育苗,原产地成活率83.3%,引种育苗试验成活率64.2%;采用3m×3m造林密度,栽竹2a,出笋率90.4%,栽竹5a,鲜笋产量365.6kg/667m2。     

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid from Croton tonkinensis leaves

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid (1) was isolated from the leaves of Croton tonkinensis. The structure of 1 was determined as ent-7beta-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-18-ol from spectroscopic methods.     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Indonesian ethnomedical plants

Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 20 Indonesian plants with ethnomedical uses have been assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties by disk diffusion method. Extracts of the six plants: Terminalia catappa, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Phyllanthus acuminatus, Ipomoea spp., Tylophora asthmatica and Hyptis brevipes demonstrated high activity in this bioassay system. These findings should stimulate the search for novel, natural product such as new antibacterial and antifungal agents.     

Cytotoxic constituents from Plumbago zeylanica

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract of aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (1), lupenone, lupeol acetate, plumbagin and trilinolein. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF7 and Bowes cancer cell lines (IC50 113 microM and 152 microM, respectively), beta-sitosterol inhibited Bowes cell growth (IC50 36.5 microM) and plumbagin was cytotoxic against MCF7 and Bowes cells (IC50 1.28 microM and 1.39 microM, respectively).     

Effects of heat treatment on brittleness of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Styrax tonkinensis</Emphasis> wood

A new approach is proposed for the evaluation of the brittleness of heat-treated Styrax tonkinensis wood. Heat treatment made wood more brittle when wood was heated at a higher temperature or for a longer time. The brittleness increased to four times that of the control when wood was heated at 200°C for 12 h. For treatment at 160°C, the increase in brittleness without any change in weight is thought to be possibly caused by the relocation of lignin molecules. At higher temperatures, loss of amorphous polysaccharides due to degradation is thought to become the main factor affecting brittleness. The crystallites that were newly formed after 2 h of treatment showed brittleness that was different from that of the inherent crystallites remaining after 12 h of heat treatment. This inherent crystalline cellulose possibly plays a role in brittleness. There is also the possibility of using color to predict the brittleness of heat-treated wood.     

Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

Alkaloids isolated from Crinum species have been reviewed for the period 1985-2000. Non-nitrogenous compounds have been surveyed for the first time. Botanical classification and biological activity are discussed. Spectral data literature sources are listed.