伊犁绢蒿种子黏液提取工艺及对畜禽粪便污水的净化效果

伊犁绢蒿种子遇水能分泌黏液,黏液物质具有良好的保水性、成膜性、增稠性和分散性,可作为新的天然絮凝剂应用于污水处理中。该文就影响黏液提取率的3个因素提取时间、液料比、提取温度进行探讨,同时用所提取的种子黏液对牛、猪粪便污水进行处理。响应面法结果表明,绢蒿种子黏液在该试验条件下的最高提取率为16.76%,提取条件为：提取时间3 h、液料比60∶1、提取温度64 ℃;畜禽粪便废水处理试验表明,牛粪便废水处理在黏液投加量为50 mg/L时,絮凝率为28%和COD去除率为32.7%;pH值等于6时,絮凝率为46%,COD去除率为44.6%。明矾的联合使用对絮凝有显著的效果,絮凝率和COD去除率最大分别为72.3%和61.3%。猪粪便处理过程中,在黏液投加量为20 mg/L时,絮凝率为30.9%,COD去除率为32.7%,在pH值为7时,絮凝率为29.3%,COD去除率为50%,明矾的联合使用下,絮凝率和COD去除率最大分别为62.6%和68.3%,达到了预想的处理效果。研究可为伊犁绢蒿种质资源在畜禽粪便污水处理方面的开发应用提供参考。     

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase is present in the phloem sap of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The presence of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the rice sieve tube was examined. Proteins in the rice phloem sap from leaf sheaths were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to polyvinylidine difluoride membranes and immunoblotted with anti-GS1 antibody. A cross-reacting band, thought to be GS1, was detected in the phloem sap. Moreover, the phloem sap contained a significant amount of GS transferase activity. Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of substrates and cofactors in the rice phloem sap are sufficient for cytosolic GS reaction. These data suggest that physiologically active GS1 is present in rice phloem sap, which might convert glutamate to glutamine in vivo .     

Survey of the Occurrence of Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Contraction (Clubfoot) in the Main Thoroughbred Breeding Area in Japan

At 114 ranches in the Hidaka District of Hokkaido, a total of 1,118 Thoroughbred foals that were born from January to June 2003 were examined at different times from May to September of the same year to ascertain the occurrence of clubfoot. Clubfoot was seen in a total of 179 foals (16%) at 89 ranches (78%). Also, 124 of the 179 foals (69.3%) had clubfoot of grade II or higher, and it was found that grade I was likely to be overlooked or rapidly advance. In the present study, the occurrence of clubfoot was higher than expected in the investigated region. Hence, it is necessary to establish accurate diagnostic techniques and clubfoot guidelines to minimize the impact.     

Identification of a peptide in enzymatic hydrolyzate of cheese that inhibits ovalbumin permeation in Caco-2 cells

Because the first step in the triggering of food allergy is the permeation of the allergen through the intestine, enhancement of the intestinal barrier function is thought to be effective for preventing food allergy. In this study, a peptide that inhibits ovalbumin (OVA) permeation in an in vitro Caco-2 cell model was isolated from enzymatic hydrolyzate of cheese (EHC). Amino acid sequence analysis identified the active peptide as GPIVLNPWDQ, a sequence identical to amino acids 102-111 of alphas2-casein. The decapeptide significantly inhibited OVA permeation at a concentration of 10(-6) M. In addition, it was found that a pentapeptide half, NPWDQ, is essential for the inhibitory activity because NPWDQ but not GPIVL had nearly the same inhibitory activity as GPIVLNPWDQ. The possibility exists that EHC and/or peptides possessing the NPWDQ sequence can be practically applied to the prevention of food allergy.     

气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器

针对气吸式排种器播种玉米时漏播率较高、地头漏播严重等问题,设计了一种采用机械托种盘辅助附种的气吸式玉米精量排种器,利用托种盘窝眼对种子的托附和夹持作用,实现对气吸式排种盘的辅助附种.分析并确定了排种器工作区域和托种盘主要结构等关键参数.试验结果表明:在前进速度6～12 km/h时,该排种器的粒距合格指数A≥91.40％、重播指数D≤3.82％、漏播指数M≤4.78％、合格粒距变异系数C≤18.37％,具有良好的排种效果.在10 km/h作业速度下,该排种器(真空室相对压力-3 kPa)的各项性能指标均明显优于常规气吸式排种器(真空室相对压力-4 kPa),其中漏播指数比后者相对降低了29％.     

Comparative Performance of Four Strains of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brackish Water Ponds in Indonesia

Four selectively bred strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated for production in brackish water ponds in Indonesia. Survival to 124 days was relatively low for all four strains (39%–48%), and growth during the later stages of the trial was poor (SGR < 1.5 %/day) due to water quality deterioration in the pond. Although the ‘Red’ tilapia strain demonstrated the best production parameters, red-colored tilapia bring lower prices in both our test markets (South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces). Of the four strains, the genetically enhanced supermale Indonesian tilapia?×?genetic improvement of farmed tilapia (GESIT×GIFT) cross provided the best economic return.     

黄河三角洲地区地表水化学特征及其主要影响因素

黄河三角洲处于海陆交错带,开展地表水化学特征及其影响因素研究,对于认识水化学演化和水体保护具有重要意义。2015年对主要地表水进行样品采集、现场测试和室内分析。结论如下:水体均为碱性,地表水化学空间变异明显,黄河水到近海水体表现为从淡水-微咸水-咸水-卤水的过渡;对照地表水环境质量标准,超标参数为总磷、硝态氮、氯离子和硫酸盐。综合多元统计、Gibbs图及离子关系分析,得出水化学成分主要受自然因素影响,其次为人类活动因素。前者包括水岩相互作用(碳酸盐、方解石和盐岩的溶解)、蒸发结晶和海水入侵混合作用;后者包括生活污水、采油、炼化废水因素以及氨氮硝化作用,导致有机物及氮磷含量升高,需对后者的污染引起足够的重视。     

基于集合经验模态分解北疆降水多尺度变化特征

降水是中国西北干旱区水资源的重要组成部分,利用合理方法有效认识降水的区域变化规律对指导农业发展尤为重要。基于北疆42个气象站1961—2012年降水序列数据,从气候时间序列中提取气候信号中各个尺度的变化,对北疆过去52a来的降水进行多尺度分析,并对其空间差异进行了初步探讨。结果表明:过去52a北疆降水量存在明显的年际和年代尺度的变化,年际尺度的周期为5a和8a,年代尺度的周期为10a和30a。变化趋势上,降水量1985s之前呈减少趋势,在1985s之后呈增加趋势,且后期的增幅大于前期的减幅。突变分析表明北疆年降水量呈增加趋势。集合经验模态分解(EEMD)是一种适用于非线性、非平稳序列的信号分析方法,将EEMD应用于气候要素时间序列,可提取可靠真实的气候变化信号,同时,EEMD可以得到气候变化的固有时间尺度。     

旱地玉米秸秆地膜二元覆盖的土壤水热效应研究

为了研究不同覆盖方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律和降水高效利用的影响,以探求旱地玉米最佳覆盖种植方式,于2013—2015年在山西省寿阳县连续定点定位设置秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)、宽膜覆盖(FM)、窄膜覆盖(NM))3个不同覆盖种植方式,以传统露地平作为对照(CK),研究不同覆盖种植模式对旱地玉米土壤温度、水分和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)二元覆盖昼夜温差比宽膜覆盖、窄膜覆盖和露地变化幅度小,二元覆盖昼夜相差8.8℃;在播后25~35天,15cm土层的土壤温度由19.1℃上升到26.5℃,呈现微弱的增温效应。(2)玉米整个生育期秸秆地膜二元覆盖处理(MS)0—160cm土壤贮水量较CK增加68mm;3年平均含水量显示,MS、FM和NM比CK分别提高4.5%,0.4%和1.2%。(3)秸秆地膜二元覆盖(MS)处理,比露地增产17.4%,水分利用效率提高24.8%。因此,秸秆地膜二元覆盖能综合改善田间温度、水分因子,提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率,是山西省旱地玉米最佳的覆盖方式。     

基于SWOT分析的河北省小麦产业发展现状及对策

为河北省小麦产业的进一步发展提供参考,利用SWOT分析方法对河北省小麦产业发展的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁进行分析。在生产方面,河北省小麦产业发展的优势为生产水平不断提高,科技创新能力不断增强;在流通领域,小麦调出保持较高水平且出售价格平稳;在消费领域,小麦市场容量较大,高端市场需要旺盛。小麦产业发展的劣势主要为部分品种抵制自然灾害能力较差,机械化农户采用率较低,农用物质成本投入较高,农户获得市场信息的途径较少等。机遇和挑战主要是粮食绝对安全和农业供给侧结构改革等,最后从优化基本农田结构和生产布局等方面提出了相应对策和建议。