Influence of Barley and Malt Storage on Lipoxygenase Reaction

The dioxygenation of linoleic acid (LA) by aqueous flour suspensions of barley and malting samples was studied. The rate of this lipoxygenase (LOX) reaction varied as the malting process proceeded, giving a characteristic LOX reaction profile for a malting. The differences in the profiles from one malting to another were dramatic. It also appeared that during storage of dry, intact kernel samples from a single malting, a reduction in the rate of LOX reaction always occurred, and the rates of reduction with time were dependent on the stage of malting at the time of sampling. The kinetics of this aging could roughly be divided into four categories representing different stages of malting. Consequently, greatly varying LOX reaction profiles can be obtained from a single malting depending on the time of storage of kernels before assays. The results indicate that steeping, germination and the subsequent drying render the state of kernels unstable with respect to the LOX reaction for at least two to three weeks. Homogeneity of malt quality is important in the further applications of malt, especially in the brewing industry. Therefore, the rate of LOX reaction should be considered as a quality factor of malt.     

贵州地方血缘自交系配合力研究

用自选及从省内外引进的13个自交系(其中有5个自交系具有贵州地方血缘),按Griffing完全双列杂交方法四组配78个杂交组合,进行了田间试验。估算了这些自交系产量性状的一般配合力效应。结果表明,自交系大013﹑交51、5003的一般配合力较高。     

An assessment of decay among urban Tilia,Betula, and Acer trees felled as hazardous

Tree species and external signs of decay influence the felling criteria in risk assessments. Following felling in Helsinki, Finland, 133 urban trees were investigated in detail (54 trees of Tilia spp., 48 Betula spp., and 31 Acer spp.). The objective was to find out whether a local management practice could be developed to improve tree care and protection of old urban trees. There was considerable variation between the felling decisions for trees with diverse defects. In addition, a contradiction was found in the criteria for felling decisions between trees with various symptoms, especially between trees with cavities and trees with advanced stages of decay. This contradiction mostly affected Tilia spp.     

嘉宝果风味低糖桃酥配方的优化

为研究嘉宝果风味低糖桃酥的制备工艺,按照国标对嘉宝果果渣粉的主要成分进行测定和分析,并以嘉宝果果渣粉、黄油、糖粉添加量和嘉宝果果渣粉目数为主要因素,以桃酥感官评分和质构评分为指标,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计方案进行优化。研究得出桃酥的最优配方为低筋面粉100%,添加泡打粉1%,小苏打1%,全蛋液20%,100目嘉宝果果渣粉5%,黄油50%,糖粉9%,甜菊糖0.1%。在此配方下制得的桃酥感官评分89.91分,硬度为33.56N,黏附性为0.25 N/mm,弹性为0.49 mm,咀嚼性为0.81 mJ。     

Evaluation of dsRNA delivery methods for targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF in RNAi-based aphid control

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIFs) are multifunctional proteins regulating major processes in mammals, including activation of innate immune...     

Optimization of Quantitative Real-time PCR System on Amplification of Beta-glucosidase Gene Os1bglu4

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) system for detecting the expression of rice beta-glucosidase gene Os1bglu4. [Method] The PCR was conducted with SYBR Green I method, using the primers of reference gene actin or ubiquitin. [Result] Actin was more suitable to be the reference gene than ubiquitin. More accurate results were obtained when the 100 ng cDNA template was added at a large volume and a lower concentration.The primer concentration in the range from 0.2 to 0.8 μmol/L we set had no significant influence on the results, so, 0.4 μmol/L was selected as the optimal primer concentration in this study. The amplification efficiency was greatly reduced when the annealing temperature was set at 64 ℃, therefore, annealing temperature was set at 60 ℃. Compared with the reaction system of 25 μl, the fluorescence intensity was significantly lower but the CT value did not change greatly in 10 μl system.So, the 10 μl reaction system was selected, which significantly reduces the research costs for the detection of a large amount of samples in future study.     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-1抗条锈病基因遗传分析与SSR标记

为明确小麦(Triticum aestivum)-柔软滨麦草(Leymus mollis(Trin.)Hara)易位系M8657-1的抗条锈性,用中国小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiform f.sp.stritici)流行小种条中30号、条中31号、水源11-4和水源11-11生理小种,对M8657-1和铭贤169的杂交后代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析.结果表明,易位系M8657-1对条中30号和水源11-11的抗条锈性均1对隐性核基因控制;对条中31号的抗条锈性由2对显性核基因(互补作用)控制;对水源11-4的抗条锈性由1对显性核基因控制.将控制水源11-4抗病性的基因暂时命名为YrElm1-4,以接种水源11-4的F2正交群体为研究对象,应用BSA法进行了SSR分析.从320对SSR引物组合中筛选到3个与主效抗病基因YrElm1-4连锁的多态性微卫星标记,它们分别是Xgwm636、Xwmc522和Xwmc453,根据3个微卫星标记位点的染色体位置,推出YrElm1-4位于小麦2AS染色体上,这3个标记可用丁分子标记辅助育种.     

Phototoxic activity of a thiophene polyacetylene from Leuzea carthamoides

The thiophene polyacetylene (E)-1-[5-(hept-5-en-1,3-diynyl)-2-thienyl]ethan-1,2-diol, isolated from the roots of Leuzea carthamoides, showed phototoxic activity in the assay systems of histidine photo-oxidation, Artemia and Tubifex assays. The effects were compared with the standard photosensitizer xanthotoxin.     

Influence of thaxtomins in different combinations and concentrations on growth of micropropagated potato shoot cultures

Plant-pathogenic Streptomyces species produce a variety of different phytotoxic 4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5-dioxopiperazines (thaxtomins) that induce scab symptoms on potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). The possible mutual synergistic or antagonistic effects of thaxtomins are unknown. Modified methodology using column chromatography allowed the purification of thaxtomin A in large quantities (27 mg, HPLC purity of 97%). Thaxtomin A ortho isomer, thaxtomin B, and C-14 deoxythaxtomin B (thaxtomin D) were also purified. All four compounds induced similar symptoms of reduced root and shoot growth, root swelling (10-200 ppb), or necrosis (200-1000 ppb) on micropropagated in vitro cultures of potato. The scab-resistant potato cvs. Sabina and Nicola were more tolerant to thaxtomins than was the scab-susceptible cv. Matilda. Thaxtomins applied in combinations showed additive effects but no synergism, whereas thaxtomins A and B displayed antagonism with thaxtomin A ortho isomer.