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141.
Yohko SUZUKI Kazuyuki SUZUKI Toshio SHIMAMORI Masakazu TSUCHIYA Andrew NIEHAUS Jeffrey LAKRITZ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):49-53
The aim of the present study was to compare endotoxin activities detected in raw milk
samples obtained from cattle by a commercially available portable test system (PTS) and
traditional microplate limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-based assay, which determined
activities using a kinetic turbidimetric (KT) assay. Raw milk samples were obtained from
53 and 12 dairy cattle without and with clinical mastitis, respectively. Comparison
between the KT and PTS was performed by the Friedman test. The Pearson product moment
correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate associations between any two
continuous variables. Linear regression model analysis was also performed to obtain the
equation describing the relationship between PTS and KT assay. The endotoxin activities
detected in 200- or 400-fold diluted milk samples were similar between PTS and KT assay,
whereas a significant difference was observed in 100-fold diluted milk
(P<0.001). The results obtained from 200-
(r2=0.778, P<0.001) and 400-fold diluted
milk samples (r2=0.945, P<0.001) using PTS
correlated with those using KT assay. The median milk endotoxin activities in
Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical mastitis cows were 0.655 and 11,523.5
EU/ml, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that PTS
as a simple and easy test to assess endotoxin activity in raw milk is efficient, simple
and reproducible. 相似文献
142.
143.
Masatsugu Yamazaki Taisuke Ohtsuka Yasushi Kusuoka Masayoshi Maehata Hiroyuki Obayashi Kiyoyuki Imai Fujiyoshi Shibahara Makoto Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(2):207-217
We examined the effects of predation by Nigorobuna Carassius auratus grandoculis larvae and fry, a crucian carp endemic to Lake Biwa, Japan, on the community structure of aquatic organisms in rice fields.
Six experimental plots with three different rice-straw treatments in the presence/absence of stocked larvae were prepared.
In each plot, the number of aquatic organisms ranging in size from 30 μm to 5 mm in the water, as well as those from 63 μm
to 5 mm in size in the surface sediments, was surveyed 6, 13, 20, 26, 34, and 41 days after the onset of irrigation. Three-day-old
fish larvae were released on day 10. Undigested organisms in the gut contents of the larvae or fry were identified on days
20, 26, 34, and 41, respectively. Ten-day-old larvae mainly preyed on Cladocera, but the fry thereafter shifted to Diptera
as their main prey. While Cladocera and Podocopida decreased in fish-stocked plots, Euglenales and Halteriida became more
abundant there. Top-down or bottom-up effects of fish seemed to control these changes in community structure. 相似文献
144.
Yasunori SHINOZUKA Kazuhiro KAWAI Tomomi KURUMISAWA Yuko SHIMIZU Tadashi IMANISHI Ayumu OHNO Mano TAKAHASHI Sohei KANEKO Naoki SUZUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1620
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of normal milk in dairy cows and their relationship with host factors, such as the age of the cow (Age), somatic cell counts in milk (SCCs), and days in milk (DIM). We investigated 48 milk samples from 22 cows with no systemic or local clinical signs using MinIONTM nanopore sequencing for a 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Bacterial richness was positively correlated with the DIM (P=0.043), and both the Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpson’s Index, which are metrics of alpha-diversity, were also significantly positively correlated with the SCC (P<0.001). The composition ratios of both Actinobacteria at the phylum level and Kocuria spp. at the genus level in the milk microbiota were significantly correlated with the SCC (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the beta-diversity test, the one-way analysis of similarities test showed a significant difference (P=0.0051) between the low- and high-SCC groups. This study clarified that the composition of the normal milk microbiota in this herd was related to the SCC. It also raised the possibility of variations in bacterial genera in the normal milk microbiota between the low- and high-SCC groups. However, to clarify the actual condition of the milk microbiota and to elucidate the relationship with the SCC, it is necessary to perform further analyses taking into account not only the relative abundance, but also the absolute abundance of microbes. 相似文献
145.
Hiroko Akiyama Sho Morimoto Kanako Tago Yuko T. Hoshino Kazunari Nagaoka Masatsugu Yamasaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):520-529
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the destruction of stratospheric ozone, and agricultural soil is an important source of N2O. Aerobic soils are sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) can oxidize CH4, but CH4 is mostly oxidized by methane monooxygenase (MMO), and CH4 oxidation by AMO is generally negligible in the soil. We monitored the N2O and CH4 fluxes after urea application in fields containing different soils using an automated sampling system to determine the effects of environmental and microbial factors on the N2O and CH4 fluxes. The soil types were Low-humic Andosol (Gleyic Haplic Andosol), yellow soil (Gleyic Haplic Alisol) and gray lowland soil (Entric Fluvisol). Cumulative N2O emissions from the yellow soil were higher than those from other soil types, although the difference was not significant. The CH4 uptake level by Andosol was one order of magnitude higher than that by other soils. There were significant relationships between the ammonia oxidation potential, AOB and AOA amoA copy numbers, and the CH4 uptake. In contrast, the gene copy numbers of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) pmoA were below the detection limit. Our results suggested that the AMOs of AOB and AOA may have more important roles than those previously considered during CH4 oxidation in agricultural soils treated with N fertilizers. 相似文献
146.
Haruhiko SUZUKI Naoko OSHIMA Toshihiro WATARI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1589
Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) generates severe inflammatory reactions secondary to hemodilution and surgical stress. This study was conducted to evaluate whether modified ultrafiltration (MUF) could be performed safely and to clarify its effects during mitral valve repair in dogs in terms of hemodilution and the status of inflammatory cytokines. We retrospectively studied 38 dogs with mitral valve disease who underwent MUF immediately after mitral valve repair under CPB. To determine the effect of MUF, we measured the pre- and post-MUF blood dilution and blood cytokine levels. The levels of red blood cells, hematocrit (HCT), and albumin were significantly increased after MUF, whereas interleukin (IL)-6 levels were significantly increased from 24.3 (range 9.6–54.6) to 32.3 (15.9–65.1) pg/ml. The levels of IL-8 and IL-10 declined significantly after MUF, from 368.2 (246.1–669.4) and 45.4 (28.6–76.1) to 272.2 (174.1–414.4) and 28.8 (18.8–44.5) pg/ml, respectively. Our results demonstrated that MUF can be applied in dogs undergoing CPB and is effective in achieving hemoconcentration. Moreover, MUF may be useful for the removal of cytokines. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and clarify the effects of inflammatory cytokines after CPB. 相似文献
147.
Yamazaki S Motoi Y Nagai K Ishinazaka T Asano M Suzuki M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1611-1616
We describe a method for determining the sex of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) from feces collected in the field. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), partial sequences of the sex determination region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene and X zinc finger protein (ZFX) gene were amplified. In 19 individuals with sex information, the correct sex was successfully detected and sequences of target amplicons were completely matched between muscle and feces from the rectum. Among 75 fecal samples collected noninvasively in the field, 68-71 samples (90.7-94.7%) yielded successful sex determinations. Using this technique, feces collected in the field would enhance the utility of genetic analysis. As a result, instead of biomaterials, these samples can serve as new or alternative materials. Finally, it can be expected that this technique will contribute to reveal in advanced detail of the population dynamics and genetic diversity that needed to carry out effective population control and to reduce the extinction risk of sika deer. 相似文献
148.
149.
150.
Koji MISUMI Yuri HIRAYAMA Misae SUZUKI Michiko NAKAI Hiroyuki KANEKO Junko NOGUCHI Kazuhiro KIKUCHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(3):246-249
The present study was conducted to examine the feasibility of in vitro embryo production and transfer
technologies for producing Middle White piglets. After collection from three retired Middle White sows, a total of 222
oocytes were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro, and a total of 50 embryos from the 4-cell to
blastocyst stage were produced by the 4th or 5th day. These embryos were transferred individually into three recipients along
with 5 in vivo-derived Duroc blastocysts. All of the recipients became pregnant, and they farrowed a total
of 9 Middle White and 9 Duroc piglets. These results suggest that in vitro embryo production using ovaries
from retired sows is useful for reproduction of pigs of pure breeds including the Middle White for breeding activities and
conservation/utilization of genetic resources. 相似文献