芦竹内生真菌F0238对西红柿的生物保鲜研究

从黄海海岸芦竹中分离到一株木霉属的内生真菌F0238。研究结果表明,F0238菌发酵4d后的发酵液对西红柿的防腐保鲜作用与化学保鲜剂多菌灵和甲基托布津的混合液无显著差异,有良好的生物保鲜作用。     

Essential oil of Lippia alba in the diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Effects on antioxidant enzymes and growth parameters

The juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (0.060 ± 0.004 g and 2.018 ± 0.071 cm) were fed during 60 days with diets containing different doses of Lippia alba essential oil (EOLA) (0.0—control, 1.0, or 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet; in triplicate, with 20 prawns/replicate). After the experimental period, were verified the survival, growth parameters and the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and Na/K‐ATPase activities in hepatopancreas and gills, respectively, of the animals. There were no significant differences on survival, growth parameters and gill Na/K‐ATPase activity. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities were lower in hepatopancreas of prawns fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to the control. Moreover, the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was higher in hepatopancreas of prawns that received 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to those fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet. Although the addition of both EOLA doses has not improved the survival and growth parameters of M. rosenbergii, these doses contributed to decrease lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the dose of 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet contributed for increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities in the hepatopancreas, improving antioxidant status, and therefore, it can be recommended as diet supplementation for M. rosenbergii.     

Influence of temperature on growth,feed consumption and chemical composition in the muscle of Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The zootechnical performance of fish can be influenced by temperature through the induction of metabolic changes that are likely to affect growth and body composition. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (a) to examine the influence of five different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27 and 30°C) on growth performance and metabolic parameters and (b) to evaluate the relationship of the protein efficiency ratio (PER) with the fillet proximate composition of Pacu juveniles. Growth and feed consumption (FC) were positively correlated with temperature (R² = .95), while PER and FC were negatively correlated with temperature (R² = .89). For the fillet composition, ethereal extract increased, and moisture decreased with the temperature. Protein content was lowest at 18 and 30°C and highest at 21, 24 and 27°C. The robust adjusted curve between PER and fillet protein content in relation to temperature showed the best result at 21°C. The obtained results indicate that Pacu juveniles reared between 21 and 27°C showed better protein efficiency with regard to FC, and this effect reflected better meat quality.     

接种甘蔗内生菌B9对不同甘蔗品种生长的影响

为探究甘蔗促生长菌株B9对不同基因型甘蔗品种的促生长效果,本研究采用6个不同基因型的甘蔗栽培种作为研究对象,以接种菌株与否分为处理组及对照组(CK),分别测定各甘蔗幼苗的株高、根长、鲜重、干重、株高、茎径、茎长等农艺性状以及叶绿素含量、根系活力、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等生理指标.通过综合生理指标及各方面农艺性状分析B9菌...     

甘蔗赤腐病病原菌的分离与ITS序列鉴定

从甘蔗赤腐病病原菌分离纯化得到5株病原真菌（CF-1、CF-2、CF-3、CF-4、CF-5）,对其进行致病性测定、形态学观察和ITS序列分析。结果表明,CF-1和CF-4均能引起与田间病害一致的症状,通过ITS1和ITS4对致病菌的基因片段进行扩增,结果显示,菌株CF-1与KU933924.1相似性达到99.00%,CF-4与MH854879.1相似性达到99.42%。综合病害症状观察、形态观察和ITS序列分析结果,将甘蔗赤腐病病原菌CF-1鉴定为镰形炭疽菌（Colletotrichum falcatum Went.）,将CF-4鉴定为球黑孢菌[Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason.]。     

Harvesting European knowledge on soil functions and land management using multi‐criteria decision analysis

Soil and its ecosystem functions play a societal role in securing sustainable food production while safeguarding natural resources. A functional land management framework has been proposed to optimize the agro‐environmental outputs from the land and specifically the supply and demand of soil functions such as (a) primary productivity, (b) carbon sequestration, (c) water purification and regulation, (d) biodiversity and (e) nutrient cycling, for which soil knowledge is essential. From the outset, the LANDMARK multi‐actor research project integrates harvested knowledge from local, national and European stakeholders to develop such guidelines, creating a sense of ownership, trust and reciprocity of the outcomes. About 470 stakeholders from five European countries participated in 32 structured workshops covering multiple land uses in six climatic zones. The harmonized results include stakeholders’ priorities and concerns, perceptions on soil quality and functions, implementation of tools, management techniques, indicators and monitoring, activities and policies, knowledge gaps and ideas. Multi‐criteria decision analysis was used for data analysis. Two qualitative models were developed using Decision EXpert methodology to evaluate “knowledge” and “needs”. Soil quality perceptions differed across workshops, depending on the stakeholder level and regionally established terminologies. Stakeholders had good inherent knowledge about soil functioning, but several gaps were identified. In terms of critical requirements, stakeholders defined high technical, activity and policy needs in (a) financial incentives, (b) credible information on improving more sustainable management practices, (c) locally relevant advice, (d) farmers’ discussion groups, (e) training programmes, (f) funding for applied research and monitoring, and (g) strengthening soil science in education.     

不同肥料处理对甘蔗产量性状、糖分及效益的影响

为解决化肥用量过多问题,提高甘蔗节本增效,选取云南省6个主要蔗区作为试验点,以B9菌剂、有机肥、复混肥不同组合为供试肥料设置不同施肥处理,探讨各肥料处理对甘蔗生长、产量、糖分等农艺性状的影响,并分析甘蔗种植效益。结果表明,施用B9菌剂组合的肥料不同程度促进甘蔗出苗;6个试验点中除盈江县和景谷县施用B9菌剂组合的肥料对促进甘蔗分蘖作用不明显外,其他4个试验点均达到有效促进;与普通复混肥处理相比,施用B9菌剂的处理在株高、茎径、有效茎数、蔗茎产量、蔗糖分等性状有一定程度的增加,但影响不显著。选取元江县进行经济效益分析,结果表明,施用B9菌剂组合的肥料比对照收益高,而没有B9菌剂组合的肥料比对照低。综上所述,施用“B9菌剂+有机肥+化肥”组合的肥料在稳产减肥（化肥）方面起到了积极的作用,值得应用推广。     

甘蔗及甘蔗近缘属内生菌的筛选、鉴定与功能研究

为进一步挖掘甘蔗栽培种及其亲缘野生种中内生菌的功能与价值,筛选出具有促进植物生长功能活性的微生物菌株,用于促进甘蔗产业的增收增产。以前期分离纯化获得的589 株甘蔗内生细菌为基础,筛选并鉴定具有固氮、溶磷、解钾等促生长特性的功能菌株。在此基础上,对菌株产生的有机酸、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和嗜铁素也进行了定量测定与种类划分。结果表明:共有12 株功能菌株被筛选得到,分别编号为B7、B9、C9、D5、E12、F5、G3、H5、J8、L9、M3、O9,其中多株菌株同时具有固氮溶磷解钾等生物学活性;12株菌株分别属于Pantoea、Pseudomonas、Enterobacter、Serratia、Acinetobacter和Bacillus 6个属。进一步功能研究结果表明:菌株G3与C9对于无机磷和有机磷的溶解能力较强,溶磷量分别为1 386.97±331.96与2 523±68.17 mg/L;菌株M3解钾能力较强,解钾量为8.59±0.08 mg/L;各菌株所产生的有机酸主要为酒石酸,其次为苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸;12株功能菌株可产生IAA及嗜铁素,但产生嗜铁素的种类随菌株而异;各菌株与甘蔗种苗共培养过程中均能促进甘蔗种苗芽长与根长的生长,其中表现较优的有E12、C9、G3菌株处理组。该研究可为后续微生物菌肥开发奠定材料基础,也为相关研究提供参考。     

Effect of processing on nutrient composition and anti-nutritive substances of African locust bean (Parkia filicoidea) and baobab seed (Adansonia digitata)

The effects of various processing techniques on nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors in baobab seeds (Adansonia digitata L.) and locust beans (Parkia filicoidea L.) were investigated. The methods used for processing include boiling in water, acid or alkali and fermentation. Using the water treated samples as controls, there were slight decreases in protein and carbohydrate contents of the fermented and alkali-treated meals. However, an increase in extractable oil content was observed in acid, alkali and fermented samples. The alkali treatment appeared to be the most effective method for reducing trypsin inhibitor and tannin contents and has the additional advantage of improving the protein digestibility.     

Organic practices intensify the microbiome assembly and suppress root-knot nematodes

Journal of Pest Science - Roots can recruit beneficial microorganisms to suppress plant pathogens. However, conventional and organic practices differently shape the soil microbiome and consequently...