Initiation of sulfate activation: a variation in c4 photosynthesis plants

In leaves of plants with C(4) photosynthesis, sulfur assimilation is initiated in bundle sheath cells whereas carbon and nitrogen assimilation are initiated in mesophyll cells. The activation of sulfate by adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase in leaves of C(4) plants occurs in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells and is effected by two isozymes of approximately equal activities that accounted for 95 to 100 percent of the total leaf activity.     

基于景观格局分析的兴国县土壤侵蚀演变研究

利用1958年、1975年、1982年和1996年的土壤侵蚀强度等级图,在GIS软件支持下生成土壤侵蚀强度栅格分类图。通过FRAGSTATS景观格局分析软件计算出了10多种景观类型参数,并从斑块类型水平和景观水平2个层次上定量地分析了兴国县土壤侵蚀的分布格局及其变化规律。结果表明:兴国县的土壤侵蚀状况从1958年到1996年已发生了明显的好转。此期间经历了两个明显的时期:即1958年到1975年的侵蚀加剧时期和1975年后的侵蚀减退期。到1996年,兴国县无明显侵蚀的面积已达到全县面积的74.6%,严重土壤侵蚀状况已基本得到了控制。     

Development of a molecular marker for a bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) resistance gene in mungbean

Bruchid, Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is a serious pest during storage of seeds of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) and other Vigna species. A source of resistance to this pest has been identified in Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Bairig. accession TC1966. Two hundred recombinant inbred lines at the F₁₂ generation have been developed for molecular mapping of bruchid resistance (Br) gene in TC1966. Through bulked segregant analysis (BSA), ten randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with the bruchid resistance gene were successfully identified. A total of four closely linked RAPDs were cloned and transformed into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) markers. Seven CAPs developed from the identified RAPD markers showed tighter linkage with the Br gene than the original RAPD. Through transformation of RAPDs into CAPs, codominant markers for bruchid resistance were successfully obtained. Homozygous genotypes of these PCR-based markers were estimated to contribute 85% of the variance for seed damage when the insect assay was performed under favorable growth conditions for bruchid.     

一例猪瘟混合感染副猪嗜血杆菌和猪蛔虫的案例诊治

2019年11月底,湖北某商品猪场保育猪只出现厌食、消瘦、呼吸困难、咳嗽等症状,偶有病猪急性死亡,为查找病因,控制疫情,减少损失,依次通过流行病学调查、病理剖检和实验室检测,最终确定该发病猪场为感染猪瘟病毒,进而继发感染Hps-4混合感染,并伴随蛔虫感染导致。通过筛选敏感药物治疗,优化生产管理,成功控制了此次疫情。该案例对此次疫情进行了分析总结,就加强生物安全建设,优化养殖管理,实现生产质量可控提供了参考建议。也为猪瘟混合感染呼吸系统细菌性疾病的防控提供参考。     

Current status of genetic transformation technology developed in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Genetic transformation is an important technique for functional genomics study and genetic improvement of plants. Until now, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods using cotyledon as explants has been the major approach for cucumber, and its frequency has been up to 23%. For example, significantly enhancement of the transformation efficiency of this plant species was achieved from the cotyledon explants of the cultivar Poinsett 76 infected by Agrobacterium strains EHA105 with efficient positive selection system in lots of experiments. This review is to summarize some key factors influencing cucumber regeneration and genetic transformation, including target genes, selection systems and the ways of transgene introduction, and then to put forward some strategies for the increasing of cucumber transformation efficiency. In the future, it is high possible for cucumber to be potential bioreactor to produce vaccine and biomaterials for human beings.     

Studies on epizootic iridovirus infection among red sea bream,Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), cultured in Taiwan

Since 1993, an epizootic viral disease has occurred in net-cage cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), in Peng-hu Island located on the south-western coast of Taiwan. The diseased fish exhibited abnormal swimming and were lethargic, but few visible external signs were observed. The cumulative mortality because of the disease sometimes reached 50-90% over 2 months. Histopathogical studies of the affected fish showed enlarged basophilic cells in the gill, kidney, heart, liver and spleen. These necrotic cells were Feulgen-positive and stained blue using Giemsa. Transmission electron microscopy revealed icosahedral virions in the cytoplasm of the necrotic cells. The viral particles consisted of a central nucleocapsid (75-80 nm) and envelope, and were 120-150 nm in diameter. These results suggest that the virus belongs to the Iridoviridae. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), approximately 570 bp fragments were produced from the viral DNA using as a template 1-F and 1-R primers derived from red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) from red sea bream in Japan. Similar results were also obtained using nested-PCR with different primer sets (1-F, 2-R and 2-F, 1-R). Although the size and some features of epizootics of this virus differed from RSIV in Japan, it shows close genetic affinities with the latter and it is suggested that RSIV has been introduced to Taiwan.     

打结嘴的材质及疲劳寿命分析

打结器是方草捆捡拾压捆机上的关键部件,为了分析捆绳打结嘴的材质及性能,对捆绳打结嘴进行了金相组织分析,并进行了硬度试验和拉力试验.为了验证材料具体成分含量,又进行了光谱分析.通过试验发现:打结嘴的材料成分为15cr,外表面的硬度为HRC46,芯部硬度为HRC25,热处理工艺采用了调质处理和表面镀铬.为了预测打结嘴的疲劳寿命,采用局部应力应变法对打结嘴进行了分析运算.     

Intestinal distribution and excretion of sesaminol and its tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites in rats

Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) are unique because of potent and various physiological activities imparted by their bioactive lignans. This investigation studied the intestinal distribution and excretion of sesaminol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To investigate the distribution of sesaminol (per oral 220 mg/kg), the changes in concentration of sesaminol and its metabolites were determined in the intestines and plasma within the 24 h period after tube feeding of sesaminol to SD rats. Results show that the epimerization of sesaminol appeared to be catalyzed by acid in the simulated gastric fluids. The major sesaminol epimer was characterized as 2-episesaminol using 2D-NMR. These findings indicate that sesame sesaminol and its epimer are poorly absorbed prior to reaching the rectum and that substantial amounts pass from the small to the large intestine, where they are metabolized by the colonic microflora to tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites. Sesaminol in plasma was largely present as phase II conjugates, and the seven metabolites were detected as the 2-episesaminol, sesaminol-6-catechol, methylated sesaminol-catechol, R,R-hydroxymethylsesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, S,R-hydroxymethylsesaminol-tetrahydrofuran, enterolactone, and enterodiol. Excretions of sesaminol in urine and feces within the 24 h period were equivalent to 0.02 and 9.33% of the amount ingested, respectively.