Passage of I131-albumin and I125-gamma globulin into the small intestine of the pig

Metabolism of I¹³¹-albumin and I¹²⁵-gamma globulin was examined simultaneously in 5 pigs (22-30 kg. bodyweight). Total daily catabolism of albumin and gamma globulin was 12-23 per cent/day and 10-13 per cent/day rsp.

The excretion of the two proteins into the small intestine was studied in Thiry-Vella type loops, situated at different levels of the small intestine. Considerable amounts of protein-bound radio-activity could be detected in succus entericus. Perfusions with isotonic magnesium sulphate solution, normal saline and 10 per cent magnesium sulphate solution were followed by increased excretion of both proteins. The increase was very considerable, even when isotonic fluids were used. The excretion of the two proteins was of the same order of magnitude.

Quantitative aspects are discussed with special reference to the difficulties derived from the fact that little is known on secretory variations along the intestine and on the role played by the passage of digesta in the excretion of proteins.

     

谈高剂量氧化锌降低断奶后仔猪腹泻的作用机制

在现代养猪生产中，为发挥母猪最佳生产性能、减少仔猪疾病感染几率并提高仔猪生产性能，常采用早期隔离断奶（segregated early weaning，SEW）技术。早期断奶仔猪的消化系统尚未发育完善，难以承受由液体母乳向谷物性固体饲料变换带来的营养应激；仔猪与母畜骤然分离引起的心理应激；以及重新建群和等级地位确定过程中仔猪个体之间的争斗引起的环境应激（Spencer等，1989）。营养、     

Examination of mink (Mustela vison) fed a sulphuric acid preserved fish silage during lactation and growth period. II. Production and pathologic studies correlated to results of clinical-chemical studies

Earlier and present experiments have shown detrimental influence of sulphuric acid preserved fish in mink feed on production parameters, early kit growth and kit mortality. Comparison of the production parameters with clinical-chemical parametres and pathological-anatomical findings give a picture of the tolerated amount of sulphuric acid preserved fish silage in the mink feed during different production periods. It seems that the animals tolerate only small amounts of sulphuric acid preserved fish silage (5-8 per cent) in the total feed during the stress periods of reproduction, lactation and early kit growth but higher amounts (20-30 per cent) during late growth period, where the need of feed is high.     

Additional dietary zinc for weaning piglets is associated with elevated concentrations of serum IGF-I

Two experiments were performed in order to study how weaning and post-weaning dietary zinc level affect serum IGF-I. Further, whether the growth-enhancing effect of 2500 ppm of dietary zinc (Zn2500) and/or 175 ppm of dietary copper (Cu175) in post-weaning diets is associated with elevated serum IGF-I levels in piglets was studied. Experiment 1 included 54 piglets (six litters of nine piglets). One piglet from every litter was assigned to a control group (blood sampled 1 day before weaning). At weaning the remaining eight piglets from every litter were allocated randomly to four dietary treatments with increasing zinc inclusions (Zn100, Zn250, Zn1000, Zn2500). In exp. 2, 48 piglets (six litters of eight piglets) were allocated to four dietary treatments (Zn100, Zn100Cu175, Zn2500, Zn2500Cu175). All piglets in exp. 1 were blood sampled at -1, 1-2, 5-6 or 14-15 days after weaning and in exp. 2 blood samples were taken from all pigs 5-7 days after weaning. Feed intake was recorded per pen (two piglets) and weight gain was recorded for every piglet. Just after weaning feed intake was very low, piglets lost weight and serum IGF-I decreased in exp. 1. However, the piglets fed 2500 ppm of zinc reached pre-weaning levels of serum IGF-I at 14-15 days post-weaning, whereas piglets receiving lower zinc levels showed no changes in serum IGF-I. In exp. 2, additional dietary zinc in weaning diets for piglets was found to be associated with increased feed intake, improved growth rate and increased serum IGF-I. High levels of dietary copper did not affect any of these measurements. Zinc-induced rise in serum IGF-I was partly due to increased feed intake. After correcting for differences in feed intake, zinc significantly increased serum IGF-I. However, to completely separate effects of feed intake from effects of zinc status, pair-feeding should be considered in future studies.     

Transport of valine across the small intestinal epithelium in pigs fed different valine levels and Bacillus subtilis

Mutants of Bacillus subtilis overproducing valine (B. subtilis VAL ) could be an approach to supply pigs dietary valine (Val). In the study, 18 gilts were fed: (i) negative diet with a standardized ileal digestible (SID ) Val:Lys of 0.63:1 (Neg); (ii) Neg added B. subtilis VAL (1.28 × 10¹¹ cfu/kg as‐fed) or; (iii) Neg added L‐Val to a Val:Lys of 0.69:1. Using the Ussing chamber method, the study aimed to investigate whether (i) the diets affect intestinal transport of additions of 0, 5, 10 or 20 mmol Val/L from the mucosal to the serosal side and (ii) the B. subtilis VAL contributes to a net transport of Val produced in situ. The results showed that the Isc (ΔIsc_Val) and release of Val to the serosal side solution (S_rel; μmol cm^?2 min^?1) increased with Val addition (linear and quadratic, p  <  .0001) but was similar for 5, 10 or 20 mmol Val/L and not affected by diet. No net transport of in situ produced Val by B. subtilis VAL was detected. In conclusion, feeding a Val‐deficient diet with or without B. subtilis VAL or a Val sufficient diet did not affect the Val transport across intestinal epithelia. No in situ Val production by B. subtilis VAL was observed in the Ussing chambers.     

Echocardiographic indices of age- and gender-dependent cardiac remodeling over the adult lifespan in Irish Wolfhounds

Introduction

Characterizing age- and gender-dependent cardiac remodeling over the adult lifespan in Irish Wolfhounds (IWs) by echocardiography. In people, a life-long cardiac remodeling process has been demonstrated.

Purification and Characterization of a Hexose Oxidase with Excellent Strengthening Effects in Bread

Hexose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.5) (HOX) was purified 51-fold from the red algae Chondrus crispus, by several chromatography methods, including hydrophobic interaction, chelating Sepharose, anion exchange, gel filtration, and chromatofocusing. Purified HOX was subjected to native PAGE and activity staining with nitroblue tetrazolium. For HOX electroeluted out of the gel and digested with endoproteinase Lys-C, the internal peptide sequence determined was: D-P-G-Y-I-V-I-D-V-N-A-G-T-(V or P)-D-K-P-D-P-X. The molecular mass, determined by gel filtration, was 126 kDa, versus 65 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. The pI was determined to 4.64 and 4.79 as a double band on an isoelectrofocusing gel. K_m was determined to 2.7 mM for D-glucose, 3.6 mM for D-galactose, 20.2 mM for cellobiose, 43.7 mM for maltose, 90.3 mM for lactose, 102 mM for xylose, and 531 mM for arabinose. The oxidation of thiol groups in gluten was determined by using Ellman's reagent: 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). The effect of HOX was compared to that of glucose oxidase. Both enzymes caused a dose-responsive reduction in the free thiol groups. Extensigraph measurements and baking tests confirmed that HOX caused increased dough strength and increased bread volume more efficiently than glucose oxidase used in the same dosage.     

Soil Sorption of Nickel in presence of Citrate or Arginine

The influence from 0.5 and 5 mmol L^-1 citrate andarginine on nickel sorption in sandy loamy topsoil ofa Mollic Hapludalf has been investigated in order toevaluate the effect of organic complexing agents onnickel retention in soils. Both ligands, which formstrong complexes with nickel, represent common soilsolutes but also serve as models for oxygen andnitrogen donor ligands in fulvic acids and otherorganic soil solutes. In the pH range 4.5–8,sorption edges showed a dramatic decrease in nickelsorption in presence of citrate, but not in thepresence of arginine. These differences were furtherquantified at pH 6.0 through sorption isothermscovering initial nickel concentrations in the range3.4–42.6 μmol L^-1. Again, the amounts ofnickel sorbed without and in the presence of 0.5 and5 mmol L^-1 arginine were not significantlydifferent, whereas 0.5 and 5 mmol L^-1 citratereduced sorption by 50 to 90%. The ligand effectscould be expressed through variation of the Freundlichaffinity constant K. The results indicate thattrivalent positively charged nickel-arginine complexes(NiH₃arg₂ ³⁺) are sorbed to cationexchange sites, while in the presence of citrate sitesfor the bonding of monovalent negatively chargednickel-citrate complexes (Nicit^-) are sparse.     

Minor Losses During Air Flow into Granular Porous Media

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Many airborne and soil-borne nanoparticles (NPs) can enter plants, which are the primary producers in the food chain; recently, studies on the genotoxic effects...