Optimal conditions for visualizing water-conducting pathways in a living tree by the dye injection method

To elucidate the water-conducting pathways in living trees by the dye injection method, suitable sample preparation procedures are needed. We evaluated quantitatively the properties and concentrations of three dyes (acid fuchsin, basic fuchsin and safranin) widely used for this purpose, and determined the optimal conditions required to avoid artifacts after dye injection into the sap stream of Pieris japonica D. Don. Among the dyes tested, an aqueous solution of acid fuchsin at a concentration of 0.1% or more was the most useful for delineating water movement. In non-transpiring stem segments, the vertical movement of acid fuchsin by capillarity and diffusion from the dye injection site was limited. However, acid fuchsin moved rapidly in the horizontal direction by capillarity and diffusion, and most xylem cells were stained within 2 h. A delay of more than 2 h between dye injection and examination of the tissues greatly reduces the precision of the method. Use of the dye injection method without appropriate, well-defined experimental procedures may give rise to misleading information about the functional water-conducting pathway in living trees.     

棉花早熟杂交种新陆早68号的特性及栽培技术

介绍了早熟杂交棉新陆早68号的选育过程、品种特性及栽培技术要点,为品种的推广应用提供技术支撑。     

Effects of crown length on indole acetic acid (IAA) amounts in cambial region tissues in lower and upper trunks of sugi cultivars (Cryptomeria japonica) in September

Indole acetic acid (IAA) was believed to be an important regulator in xylem formation in conifers. However, few studies have been done on the endogenous amount of IAA in cambial region tissues in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. In this study, we report the IAA amounts in the lower and upper trunk of mature sugi cultivars (Kumotoshi, Yaichi and Obiaka) in September, and the effects of growth traits on the IAA amounts. The effect of height position (lower or upper trunk) on IAA amounts was found to be larger than that of genetic variation (Kumotoshi, Yaichi or Obiaka) by two-way ANOVA. There was no significant interaction effect (genetic variation × height position). The IAA amounts of all trees varied from 3 to 42 ng/cm² at the lower trunk and 9 to 47 ng/cm² at the upper trunk. Crown length and distance from crown base had significant positive and negative effects on IAA amounts in the trunk of sugi cultivars, respectively. Distance from crown base had a larger effect on IAA amounts than crown length. In Yaichi, taller trees had larger IAA amounts at both the lower and upper trunk.     

用HI试验检测鸡血清和卵黄中鸡毒霉形体抗体的研究

用超声波裂解的鸡毒霉形体（ＭＧ）Ｓ６菌液作抗原建立了检测鸡血清和卵黄中ＭＧ抗体的血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验，ＨＩ试验的敏感性比血清平板凝集（ＳＰＡ）试验提高了２～３２倍。ＨＩ试验可检出卵黄中ＳＰＡ试验不足以检出的ＭＧ抗体。以ＳＰＦ鸡血清、卵黄抗体、鸡滑液囊霉形体（ＭＳ）阳性血清作对照，证明无假阳性反应及交叉反应     

砾漠区微地形下梭梭群落特征1）

以克拉玛依盐渍化砾漠梭梭群落为研究对象,通过对不同形态地形进行植被调查,研究微地形对梭梭植被群落特征的影响。结果表明：研究区域发现植物14种,隶属7科11属,不同地形之间物种组成存在差异;地形改变对梭梭群落草本层和灌木层植被密度、盖度影响显著;地形扰动有利于梭梭群落优势种生物量的提高,地形以深沟效果最优;不同形态地形导致梭梭群落多样性存在差异,深沟物种多样性和丰富度最高,土垄一次之,CK最小。根据梭梭群落盖度、灌木密度、优势种生物量和物种多样性可知,深沟是进行砾漠植被生态恢复的有利工程措施,并为盐渍化砾漠植被恢复提供新途径。     

Age and growth of yellowstriped butterfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labracoglossa argentiventris</Emphasis>, around Izu Oshima Island

ABSTRACT:   Age and growth of the yellowstriped butterfish, Labracoglossa argentiventris , around Izu Oshima Island were studied using a total of 1450 fish. Age was determined by counting the edge of the opaque zones as a ring mark on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Formation of the first ring was observed during spring or summer, corresponding to 1.5 years after hatching. Thereafter, one ring was formed each year in the same season as the previous year. The growth of the butterfish was rapid until 2 years of age. The maximum likelihood method was applied to the age and length data for estimating parameters in von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic growth models. The selected model, based on the Akaike Information Criterion, was the von Bertalanffy growth model, which indicated differential asymptotic length and variance by sex.     

Anthracnose of snapdragon caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum destructivum</Emphasis>

Severe spotting and blight of leaves caused by Colletotrichum destructivum were found on snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), a scrophulariaceous ornamental, in open fields in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, from June through September 2004. The fungus is added to the group of the pathogens causing anthracnose of snapdragon.     

Effect of vacuum treatment on smoke penetration into boiled skipjack loins for production of smoke-dried skipjack

ABSTRACT: The present work evaluates the effect of vacuum treatment on smoke penetration into boiled skipjack loins for the production of smoke-dried skipjack. Using a vacuum freeze-dryer, the boiled skipjack loins were vacuumed immediately after being boiled at a pressure of 400 Pa for 30 min in order to reduce the lipid and water contents. The vacuumed boiled meats were then smoked and dried at 90 ± 10°C for 3 h a day for 6 days in a metal kiln (internal diameter 24 cm × 24 cm × 70 cm height), using an electric heater (1.2 kW) to heat and generate smoke from cherry tree wood chips. Also, non-vacuumed boiled meats were smoked in the same manner as a control. The vacuum treatment reduced the lipid and water contents by as much as 0.6% and 2.7% on the wet weight basis, respectively. Histological observations showed many clearances among the muscle fibers of the vacuumed boiled meats. The content of phenols that had penetrated the vacuumed boiled meats during the smoke drying procedure was significantly larger ( P < 0.05) than that of the non-vacuumed boiled meats. Accordingly, the vacuum treatment accelerated the penetration of phenols into the boiled meats and enhanced the function of antioxidant substances, which improved the quality of the smoke-dried skipjack.     

不同细胞培养基细胞培养动力学比较试验

应用宜兴赛尔生物化工厂产１９９、Ｆ－１０、１６４０和ＤＭＥＭ细胞培养基与美国Ｓｉｇｍａ公司产１９９、Ｆ－１０、１６４０和ＤＭＥＭ细胞培养基分别配制细胞培养液，培养ＳＰ２／０和Ｖｅｒｏ细胞系及原代鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ），做细胞培养动力学比较试验。比较这两种来源的细胞培养基对细胞生长的形态、分裂速度及鸡马立克氏病毒（Ｍａｒｅｋ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｖｉｒｕｓ．ＭＤＶ）疫苗毒株ＨＶＴ－ＦＣ１２６和ＲｉｓｐｅｎｓＣＶＩ９８８在ＣＥＦ单层上增殖量的差异。研究结果表明，四种国产细胞培养基与对应的四种进口培养基对细胞生长及病毒增殖的影响无显著差异