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31.
Mature leaves of field-grown eddo plants were used for observing hydathode morphology by light and scanning electron microscopies. There were approximately five hydathode pores on the adaxial surface of each leaf tip. A ring structure with two borders around the pore was detected in this study. Further observations revealed a large cavity underneath the pores. The cavity was directly connected to vascular bundles that lacked a bundle sheath, via intercellular spaces among loosely organized parenchyma cells. Many crystal cells were present around the cavity and vascular bundles. To evaluate the role of guttation in sodium excretion under salinity stress, eddo plants were grown in hydroponic solutions containing 0, 1, 4, 8, and 12 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 7 d. As the NaCl concentration in the hydroponic solution increased, the sodium contents increased in leaf blades, petioles, and roots but remained unchanged in corms. The sodium concentration in the guttation fluid increased; however, the volume of guttation fluid decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Therefore, sodium elimination via guttation decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. The ratios of the sodium content in guttation fluid to that of leaf blades, leaves, and whole plants decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations. The ratios of potassium to sodium contents in leaves, roots, and guttation fluid also decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. These results indicate that guttation did not eliminate sufficient sodium to play a role in adjusting sodium homeostasis and the ratios of potassium to sodium contents in eddo plants under saline conditions. 相似文献
32.
Imtiaj Hasan Shigeki Sugawara Yuki Fujii Yasuhiro Koide Daiki Terada Naoya Iimura Toshiyuki Fujiwara Keisuke G. Takahashi Nobuhiko Kojima Sultana Rajia Sarkar M. A. Kawsar Robert A. Kanaly Hideho Uchiyama Masahiro Hosono Yukiko Ogawa Hideaki Fujita Jiharu Hamako Taei Matsui Yasuhiro Ozeki 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7377-7389
MytiLec; a novel lectin isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); shows strong binding affinity to globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). MytiLec revealed β-trefoil folding as also found in the ricin B-subunit type (R-type) lectin family, although the amino acid sequences were quite different. Classification of R-type lectin family members therefore needs to be based on conformation as well as on primary structure. MytiLec specifically killed Burkitt''s lymphoma Ramos cells, which express Gb3. Fluorescein-labeling assay revealed that MytiLec was incorporated inside the cells. MytiLec treatment of Ramos cells resulted in activation of both classical MAPK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and stress-activated (p38 kinase and JNK) Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. In the cells, MytiLec treatment triggered expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a ligand of death receptor-dependent apoptosis) and activation of mitochondria-controlling caspase-9 (initiator caspase) and caspase-3 (activator caspase). Experiments using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 showed that MytiLec-induced phosphorylation of the MEK-ERK pathway up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to cell cycle arrest and TNF-α production. Activation of caspase-3 by MytiLec appeared to be regulated by multiple different pathways. Our findings, taken together, indicate that the novel R-type lectin MytiLec initiates programmed cell death of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells through multiple pathways (MAPK cascade, death receptor signaling; caspase activation) based on interaction of the lectin with Gb3-containing glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface. 相似文献
33.
R Tanaka M Shimizu K Hoshi A Soda Y Saida K Takashima Y Yamane 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(3):88-93
Objective To assess the efficacy of an open patch-graft technique under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in small dogs.
Design and methods A retrospective analysis of 10 dogs with pulmonic stenosis. Records between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. The effect of surgical correction was evaluated and perioperative parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors.
Results The postoperative pulmonary pressure gradient was reduced in all seven surviving patients. Mean ± SE was 21.5 ± 7.4 mmHg (range 3.0–54.2 mmHg) and 6/7 dogs were < 40 mmHg at 3 months postoperatively. Comparing the data between those patients that survived and those that did not, the preoperative pressure gradient (P = 0.04) and volume of the Glucose-Insulin-Kalium solution used (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in those that did not survive.
Conclusion Open patch-grafting can be performed in small-breed dogs and decreased the pulmonary pressure gradient in survivors at 3 months postoperatively. However, this technique is more invasive than balloon valvuloplasty and should be used cautiously in severely stenosed patients. 相似文献
Design and methods A retrospective analysis of 10 dogs with pulmonic stenosis. Records between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. The effect of surgical correction was evaluated and perioperative parameters were compared between survivors and non-survivors.
Results The postoperative pulmonary pressure gradient was reduced in all seven surviving patients. Mean ± SE was 21.5 ± 7.4 mmHg (range 3.0–54.2 mmHg) and 6/7 dogs were < 40 mmHg at 3 months postoperatively. Comparing the data between those patients that survived and those that did not, the preoperative pressure gradient (P = 0.04) and volume of the Glucose-Insulin-Kalium solution used (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in those that did not survive.
Conclusion Open patch-grafting can be performed in small-breed dogs and decreased the pulmonary pressure gradient in survivors at 3 months postoperatively. However, this technique is more invasive than balloon valvuloplasty and should be used cautiously in severely stenosed patients. 相似文献
34.
Naoki Tani Hiroshi Yoshimaru Takayuki Kawahara Yoshio Hoshi Fuyuo Nobushima Takaya Yasui 《BMC ecology》2006,6(1):14-13
Background
Morus boninensis, is an endemic plant of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands of Japan and is categorized as "critically endangered" in the Japanese red data book. However, little information is available about its ecological, evolutionary and genetic status, despite the urgent need for guidelines for the conservation of the species. Therefore, we adopted Moritz's MU concept, based on the species' current genetic structure, to define management units and to select mother tree candidates for seed orchards. 相似文献35.
Yokoyama T Etoh T Udayanga KG Takahara E Qi WM Warita K Matsumoto Y Miki T Takeuchi Y Hoshi N Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(7):949-952
The hypothesis that apoptotic factors play some roles in the denucleation of erythroblasts has been confirmed by the immunohistological detection of both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin as phagocytosis-inducing factors in general apoptotic events. Both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin were detected on the surface of cell membrane of mature erythroblasts, while thrombospondin was also detected in more immature erythroblasts. The intensities of their immune reactions increased as the erythroids matured. During denucleation, the positivities of both phosphatidylserine and thrombospondin were restricted on the surface of the cell membrane surrounding the protruding nuclei. Thus, the apoptotic process involves denucleation of erythroblasts and phosphatidylserine, and thrombospondin acts as phagocytosis-inducing factors in the denucleation event. 相似文献
36.
37.
Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia Minoru Ikeda Zubaida U. Basiao Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1205-1221
Growth of several genetically improved Nile tilapia (GIFT or Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, FaST or Freshwater Aquaculture
Center Selected Tilapia, SEAFDEC-selected) and domesticated red tilapia (BFS or Binangonan Freshwater Station, NIFI-red or
National Inland Fisheries Institute red, HL or Hacienda Luisita) stocks were compared in controlled (tank) and uncontrolled
farm conditions (lake-based cages) with unselected NIFI or Chitralada Nile tilapia as control. Specific growth rate differed
significantly (P = 0.009) in tank-reared Nile tilapia stocks where GIFT grew best at 1.358%/day followed by FaST (1.307%/day), control stock
NIFI (1.257%/day) and SEAFDEC-selected (1.202%/day). Genetic effect explained 84.4% of the variance in growth of Nile tilapia
in tanks. Although Nile tilapia growth in cages followed the same trend where GIFT grew best at 1.570%/day, no significant
stock differences (P = 0.479) were noted. Meanwhile, red tilapia reared in either tanks or cages showed no significant stock differences in terms
of growth. However, survival of the red tilapia stocks in cages differed significantly with HL having the highest percentage
survival at 93.3%. The different growth responses of the Nile tilapia stocks especially under controlled (tank) farm conditions
were largely due to genetic factors (stock differences).Under uncontrolled farm conditions, environmental factors were generally
observed to have also affected the survival and to some extent, the growth of Asian Nile and red tilapia stocks. 相似文献
38.
High water temperature influences the survival, growth, and maturation of fish. Genetically characterizing thermal tolerance
is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. To identify the genetic characterization of thermal tolerance, this
characteristic was compared among strains, and among parents and their offspring, in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. In the strain comparison, significant differences in survival rate were observed among the five strains examined, and between
females and males. Females exhibited greater tolerance than males in four of five strains examined. In the comparison between
parents and their offspring, stronger influence of female parent than of male parent was observed. Offspring obtained from
surviving females exhibited greater tolerance than those from dead females. This tendency was typically observed in male offspring.
The survival rate in male offspring obtained from dead female parents was lower than that of those from surviving females.
The high-temperature tolerance of male parents did not influence this characteristic in offspring as strongly as that of female
parents. These results suggest that the major gene or genes, which has a dominant resistant allele and a recessive sensitive
allele, are probably passed on by sex-linked inheritance, located on the X chromosome. 相似文献
39.
40.