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71.
The repeated elements called phytomers, which consist of leaf, node, internode and axillary bud, play an important role in
the development of modular organization in plants. Rice has the striking feature that the rate of the phytomer production
is closely synchronized with the rate of leaf emergence (phyllochron). We examined developmental changes of phyllochron by
using 10 near-isogenic lines (NILs) showing diversified growth durations in rice. The NILs were established by backcrosses
with a strain practically insensitive to photoperiod, and they consisted of early- or late-flowering NILs whose differences
of growth duration were caused by the combinations of alleles at 6 loci. The developmental patterns of phyllochron were evaluated
by means of a quartic polynomial, which fitted well in most cases. The results indicated that phyllochron greatly changed
during development, especially in late-flowering NILs as well as the recurrent parents, although the fluctuation of phyllochron
was not so marked in the early-flowering NILs. Thus, the developmental change of phyllochron was highly dependent upon the
genotypes and/or growth duration; however, it was associated with neither floral initiation nor temperature, indicating that
the change of phyllochron might reflect internal or physiological changes which occur during the life cycle of rice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
72.
Summary Ninety Chinese rice landraces were examined with special reference to the indica-japonica differentiation in terms of traditional criteria, isozyme analysis and PCR analysis of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Cultivars were separated into indica and japonica defined by a discriminant function (Z) based on key characters, as well as by isozyme genotypes. Most indica landraces had chloroplast DNAs with a deletion at the Pst-12 fragment, while most japonica landraces had cpDNAs without the deletion. Two traditionally recognized varietal groups in China, keng and hsien, corresponded largely to the respective japonica and indica revealed in our study. The results obtained in this study showed good agreement for classification of indica and japonica types by the three methods: discriminant analysis by Z value, isozyme analysis, and PCR analysis for cpDNA. 相似文献
73.
Zhengjun Xia Hiroko Sato Satoshi Watanabe Shiji Kawasaki Kyuya Harada 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):129-137
We have constructed a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from green leaf protoplasts of the cultivar, Misuzudaizu. The library contains 53,760 clones with an average insert size of 116 kb. About 2.9% chloroplast DNA origin was revealed by PCR and colony hybridization. Apart from 2.8% clones having no insert, this library represents 5.2 genome equivalents. With this genome coverage, the probability of having any DNA sequence represented in the library is higher than 99.5%. Three-dimensional pools of the BAC library in combination with the use of a high efficiency genome scanning (HEGS) electrophoresis facilitate rapid and efficient PCR-based screening. An average of five positive clones were identified after screening the BAC library with SSR and STS markers. BAC-end walking was performed for three SSR associated BACs. This library will provide a good resource for positional cloning of agronomically and biologically important QTL genes that Misuzudaizu possesses. 相似文献
74.
Deep-seeding tolerance, the emergence of seedlings from deep seeded conditions, is involved in stand establishment in semi-arid
regions, where the soil surface is too dry for seed germination. Genes determining deep-seeding tolerance in barley were mapped
using two doubled haploid populations derived from the following crosses: Harrington × TR306 (H/T)and Step toe × Morex (S/M).
Significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for deep-seeding tolerance were found in each population. Two QTL sex plained 40%
of the phenotypic variation in the H/T population and one QTL (S/M) 8% of the total phenotypic variance. Multiple QTLs accounting
for coleoptile length and first internode length were detected in both populations. In the H/T population, there were coincident
QTLs for deep-seeding tolerance, coleoptile length and first internode length on the long arm of chromosome 5H. These QTLs
correspond with previously reported QTLs for abscisic acid and gibberellic acid response. QTL coincidence may be due to the
pleiotropic effects of alleles at a single locus. This information may be useful for breeding programs manipulating morphological
and physiological traits in order to develop varieties for semi-arid regions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
75.
Effectivness of the hybrid-weakness caused by a complementary interaction of two dominant genes Hwc1 and Hwc2 to suppress the spread of the red-grain gene into ordinary white-grained rice cultivars was investigated using the Monte Carlo computer simulation method. It was shown that the weakness genes, as far as being capable of reducing the fitness of the carrier by 80 percent or more, work quite effectively to suppress the genetic contamination of white-grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red-grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red-grain gene once the gene has been incorporated in to the population in the form of red-grained progeny produced as a result of the imperfect lethality of the initial hybrid between red-and white-grained cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect either, when the contamination is initiated by an inflow of seeds or seedlings from ed-grained cultivars in these situations, removal (selection)of red grained plants Is the only countermeasure to exterminate the red-grain gene. The removal of red grained plants need not be intensive if carried out continuously. The spread of the red-grain gene after initial contamination is suppressed if the red-grain gene and weakness genes are linked. The suppressing effect of the linkage, however, is not substantial when the outcrossing rate is around or smaller than 0.01 as can be assumed in most rice cultivars. 相似文献
76.
77.
Sato R Katayama S Sawabe T Saeki H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(15):4376-4381
Carp myofibrillar protein (Mf) was conjugated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) through the Maillard reaction under low relative humidity, and the functional properties of the Mf-AO conjugate were investigated under different NaCl concentrations and pH levels. Mf became highly solubilized at lower NaCl concentrations by conjugation with AO, with a slight loss of available lysine. The thermal stability of Mf was effectively improved by conjugation with AO. Heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 2 h had no effect on the solubility of the Mf-AO conjugate attached to 227 microg/mg of AO regardless of the NaCl concentration and pH. Furthermore, the Mf-AO conjugate showed excellent emulsion-forming ability regardless of NaCl concentration. The improved functionalities of Mf by conjugation with AO remained even at a nearly isoelectric point. These results indicate that conjugation with AO through the Maillard reaction is an effective way to prepare high-functional food material from fish muscle protein. 相似文献
78.
Tetsuya Suzuki Jun Itakura Masumi Watanabe Mari Ohta Yuri Sato Yuko Yamaya 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(1):230-234
Electrolyzed anodic NaCl solutions [EW+], prepared by the electrolysis of 0.1% NaCl, have been shown to instantly inactivate most pathogens that cause food-borne disease. Elimination of food-borne pathogens does not necessarily guarantee food safety because enterotoxins produced by pathogens may remain active. We have tested whether EW+ can inactivate Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), one of the major enterotoxins responsible for food poisoning. Fixed quantities of SEA were mixed with increasing molar ratios of EW+, and SEA was evaluated by reversed-phase passive latex agglutination (RPLA) test, immunoassay, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and amino acid analysis after 30 min incubations. Exposure of 70 ng, or 2.6 pmol, of SEA in 25 microL of PBS to a 10-fold volume of EW+, or ca. 64.6 x 10(3)-fold molar excess of HOCl in EW+, caused a loss of immuno-reactivity between SEA and a specific anti-SEA antibody. Native PAGE indicated that EW+ caused fragmentation of SEA, and amino acid analysis indicated a loss in amino acid content, in particular Met, Tyr, Ile, Asn, and Asp. Staphylococcal enterotoxin-A excreted into culture broth was also inactivated by exposure to an excess molar ratio of EW+. Thus, EW+ may be a useful management tool to ensure food hygiene by food processing industries. 相似文献
79.
Akira Shigematsu Nobuya Mizoue Kumiko Ide Kakada Khun Muthavy Pheng Shigejiro Yoshida Katsuhisa Kohroki Noriko Sato 《New Forests》2011,42(2):149-162
We estimated the production of rubberwood from 1996 to 2011 in Cambodia. We employed data from interview surveys with three
rubberwood processing companies and statistics from estate rubber plantations and wood retailing companies. The result was
that the end use of rubberwood in Cambodia was the sawntimber products, being exported to Vietnam and China. The yield rate
from rubberwood stumpage into sawn timber was between 11.6 and 14.9%, closely matching the rates of Malaysia and Thailand.
The average production of rubberwood roundwood from 1996 to 2011 was 254,697 m3/year, of which sawn timber as well as residuals in secondary processing was 84,559 and 170,138 m3/year, respectively. Although the timber production of Cambodia has declined sharply due to the strict restriction of natural
forest logging, rubberwood could explain more than 60% of the domestic industrial roundwood production from 2000. We suggest
the necessity of monitoring the expansion of rubber plantations in new rubber producing countries and linking the rubberwood
production with the regional wood resource management. 相似文献
80.
Characterization of Treatment Processes and Mechanisms of COD, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in a Multi-Soil-Layering System 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kuniaki Sato Tsugiyuki Masunaga Toshiyuki Wakatsuki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(2):213-221
Characteristics of the treatment processes inside a MSL system were investigated by using a laboratory-scale MSL system, which was set up in a D 10 × W 50 × H 73 cm acrylic box enclosing "soil mixture blocks" alternating with permeable zeolite layers. For the study of the treatment processes inside the system, wastewater, with mean concentrations (mg L−1 ) of COD: 70, T-N: 12, T-P: 0.9, was introduced into the system at a loading rate of 1,000 L m−2 d−1 . Treatment processes in the MSL system were different for the COD, P and N pollutants. Eighty percent of COD was removed in the 1st soil layer among the 6 layers, and the removal rate increased as water moved down and finally reached 90% in the last layer of the system. Phosphorus concentration was lower under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, presumably because P was adsorbed mainly by soil and mixed iron particles. The P concentration in water gradually decreased in the lower layers of the system. The concentration of PO4 3- -P was generally lower in the aerated MSL system than in the non-aerated one. NH4 + -N was adsorbed and nitrified in the upper part of the system. The NO3 − -N concentration was lower in water under the soil mixture layers than under the permeable layers, indicating that denitrification mainly occurred in the soil mixture layers. 相似文献