大庆地区草地退化驱动机制分析

为探讨资源型城市大庆市草地退化驱动机制,找出驱动草地退化的主导因素,为科学保护现有草地资源和有效治理退化草地提供依据和参考.该文在定性描述大庆地区草地退化驱动因素的基础上,运用主成分分析和多元线性回归的方法,选取与草地退化密切相关并比较容易获取的数据作为变量,对大庆地区草地退化的主要影响因素进行了定量分析.根据对草地退化的影响程度,影响因子排序为:畜牧业产值>人口密度>油井个数>总人口>大牲畜存栏>人均居住面积>GDP>工业产值>盐碱、沙化.并且根据大庆地区1988—2001年不同退化程度草地的面积与驱动因子建立多元线性回归模型,对不同退化程度草地面积变化的驱动机制进行了分析.结果表明,不合理的人类活动与石油开采加工的工业化进程占用大量草场是大庆地区草地退化的主要驱动因素,决定着草地生态系统逆向演替的总体趋势.最后根据以上分析提出大庆地区草地退化的防治措施.     

电场处理油葵种子对其萌发期水分胁迫敏感性的影响

用不同电场强度处理油葵种子15min,以PEG(聚乙二醇)模拟水分胁迫,测定电场处理对种子萌发期抗旱性的影响.结果表明:在0～6.0kV/cm场强范围,不同电场强度,对种子水分胁迫的敏感性的影响程度不同.随着电场强度的增加,种子敏感性以振荡关系变化.适当电场处理条件能够显著地提高种子的吸水率,减轻细胞膜对干旱胁迫的敏感性,从而减小水分胁迫对细胞膜的伤害.提高种子抗旱性最佳电场处理条件的选取与处理时间和电场强度有关.     

The technology and mechanism of removal of plastic mulch and land preparation

In this article,the characteristic of the field plastic mulch, the craft for mechanization removal and land preparation of plastic mulch and the mechanism frequently used in the removal and land preparation of plastic mulch were introduced, which offered references for the design of removal mechanism and land preparation of plastic mulch and structural optimization combination of working components.     

木立芦荟和三角芦荟的组织培养和低成本快繁

以MS+BA3+NAA0.2和MS+BA4+NAA0.2分别为木立芦荟(AloearborescensMill)和三角芦荟(AloemitriformisMill)的诱导培养基.1/2MS+BA2+NAA0.2和MS+BA3+NAA0.2分别为两种芦荟的增殖培养基,对茎段、茎尖和吸芽进行离体培养.以4周为一个继代周期,每周期可增殖6～8倍,现已经过26个继代周期,一个外植体每年可增殖至813个芽苗.为减轻褐化,降低温度至22℃、光照强度800lx,附加活性炭3～5g@L-1.用白糖替代蔗糖,自来水替代蒸馏水,果酱瓶替代三角瓶,既不影响培养效果又可降低生产成本.     

新型水稻钵体摆栽秧盘及秧盘注塑模具的设计

通过对现有水稻钵体摆栽秧盘结构的改进设计,可以大大提高秧盘的使用寿命,并设计出用于改进后的秧盘生产用的注塑模具。     

紫茎泽兰精油各馏份对4种仓库害虫的杀虫活性

用紫茎泽兰精油的２０℃￣１５０℃,１５０℃￣２００℃,２００℃￣２３０℃,２３０℃￣３００℃和３００℃以上馏份,分别以４４．４４ｍｇ／Ｌ的熏蒸浓度处理米像、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象,结果表明,在５个馏份中,以１５０℃￣２００℃馏份的杀虫活性最高,其次是２０℃￣１５０℃和２２０℃￣２３０℃馏份,而３００℃以上馏份的杀虫活性最低。进一步的生测结果表明,１５０℃￣２００℃馏份对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象     

Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules

A smectic liquid-crystal phase made from achiral molecules with bent cores was found to have fluid layers that exhibit two spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities: polar molecular orientational ordering about the layer normal and molecular tilt. These instabilities combine to form a chiral layer structure with a handedness that depends on the sign of the tilt. The bulk states are either antiferroelectric-racemic, with the layer polar direction and handedness alternating in sign from layer to layer, or antiferroelectric-chiral, which is of uniform layer handedness. Both states exhibit an electric field-induced transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric.     

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.     

早熟马铃薯早大白施用钾肥增产效果研究

增施钾肥是早熟马铃薯一项重要的增产作措施 , 试验结果表明 , 早熟马铃薯早大白施氧化钾90kg·hm-2增产效果显著,较对照增产13 552.5kg·hm-2,增产率57.9%;大中薯率较对照提高16.5个百分点.     

寒地水稻不同育秧方式及不同播量对秧苗素质的影响

针对寒地稻作区特殊的气候条件、品种特性,机插中苗、手插中苗、钵育中苗面积越来越大,通过不同播量设计,分析不同播量对秧苗素质的影响,确定了播量与占地面积、茎基宽、充实度、根量呈指数变化,播量与叶龄呈直线负相关,从而确定了不同中苗的适宜播量。