Army ants on the move: relation between food supply and emigration frequency

Underfed colonies of Neivamyrmex nigrescens in the laboratory emigrated on 62 percent of the nomadic days, as compared with only 28 percent for overfed colonies. Because the emigration frequency in the field is similar to that of underfed colonies, nomadic raids may not bring in enough food to satiate the larval broods. Since emigrations take time away from raiding, the food-related mechanism underlying emigrations may have evolved under more stringent ecological conditions.     

韩国一次性收获的红椒品种—Saeng-ryeog216

根据栽培面积以及为农民提供的收入而言,红辣椒在韩国一直是仅次于水稻而居第二位的重要农作物。按人均计算,韩国人均年辣椒粉的消费量达2.5kg以上,可能是世界最高记录。辣椒在韩国主要用作泡菜(韩国称之为Kimchi)香辛料和菜肴中的     

遗传标记及其在家禽育种中的应用

1 SNP SNP是染色体中遗传变异的最普通形式,如在人体已经检测基因组DNA中每1,000到2,000个单位有1个SNP,在某些区域估计每300个单位有一个SNP.基于SNP的高分辨率,遗传图谱在一些人的染色体上通常没有得到发展.正如其名称所指,SNP是发生在基因(启动子、外显子、或内含子)或基因之间(基因间隔区)的单个碱基改变或核苷酸变异.编码序列中的SNP以同义(不会导致氨基酸改变)或非同义(导致氨基酸改变)来分类.非同义SNP由于对蛋白质表达及最终对表现型的潜在影响而受到重视.相反,同义SNP可能对基因表达有微小的影响(除那些在启动子和其它基因组区域中,对DNA-蛋白质作重要的核苷酸或与RNA稳定性有关的核苷酸).同义和非同义SNP在基因图谱研究中均是很好的遗传标记.     

Time-frequency and complexity analyses for differentiation of physiologic murmurs from heart murmurs caused by aortic stenosis in Boxers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether time-frequency and complexity analyses of heart murmurs can be used to differentiate physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by aortic stenosis (AS) in Boxers. ANIMALS: 27 Boxers with murmurs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were evaluated via auscultation and echocardiography. Analyses of time-frequency properties (TFPs; ie, maximal murmur frequency and duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz) and correlation dimension (T(2)) of murmurs were performed on phonocardiographic sound data. Time-frequency property and T(2) analyses of low-intensity murmurs in 16 dogs without AS were performed at 7 weeks and 12 months of age. Additionally, TFP and T(2) analyses were performed on data obtained from 11 adult AS-affected dogs with murmurs. RESULTS: In dogs with low-intensity murmurs, TFP or T(2) values at 7 weeks and 12 months did not differ significantly. For differentiation of physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS, duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz was useful and the combination assessment of duration of frequency > 200 Hz and T(2) of the murmur had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. Maximal murmur frequency did not differentiate dogs with AS from those without AS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that assessment of the duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz can be used to distinguish physiologic heart murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS in Boxers. Combination of this analysis with T(2) analysis may be a useful complementary method for diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular function in dogs.