传动机构对活塞式隔膜泵振动的影响

通过建立活塞式隔膜泵凸轮传动机构和曲柄传动机构的力学模型，研究泵在工作过程中的受力状况，就两种传动机构对泵振动的影响进行了理论分析、比较。并且在相同工况下进行了振动数值的测定。理论分析和实测数据表明：采用新型的曲柄滑块机构可以减小活塞隔膜泵的振动，为解决目前凸轮传动的活塞式隔膜泵的振动提供了一条有效途径。     

免耕精量直插点播偏置滑块机构的参数优化

以免耕直插式精量点播器的偏置滑块机构为研究对象,为实现该点播器接近零速投种对其结构参数进行优化分析。对偏置滑块的偏置距离e在[0,25]内抽出11组进行仿真分析。优化分析的结果表明:滑块偏置的距离e=10mm,点播器的鸭嘴入出土位移差s=68mm,鸭嘴在入出土瞬时速度v=42mm/s,曲柄摆角θ=30°。     

牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴挥发性风味特征与差异分析

为分析和鉴定牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴中的特征性风味成分,采用电子鼻和固相微萃取(SPME)/气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用(GC-O-MS)方法分析了其中的挥发性风味成分。电子鼻检测结果表明,2组样品之间的风味差异显著(p0.05)。2组样品中共鉴定出54种挥发性化合物,其中,牦牛干巴和黄牛干巴中分别鉴定出42种和50种。2组样品中共有成分38种,包括12种烃类、7种醛类、8种醇类、3种酮类、2种呋喃类、1种酯类和5种其他类,其中,13种成分含量差异显著(p0.05)。烃类在牦牛干巴的风味组成中含量最高,而醛类在黄牛干巴的组成中含量最高。二氢化茚、十六烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸-2-乙基己酯4种成分是牦牛干巴中的特有成分,3-甲基丁醛、反-2-辛烯醛、反式-2-壬烯醛、4-乙基苯甲醛、3-甲基丁醇、反式-2-癸烯醇、反式-2-辛烯醇、1-壬醇、苯乙醇、醋酸乙烯基酯、己酸乙酯、草蒿脑12种成分是黄牛干巴中的特有成分,这些物质是2组产品的主要差异性物质。脂肪氧化、氨基酸的Strecker降解及微生物代谢是牛干巴产品风味形成的主要来源。本研究将为牛干巴风味品质评价、生产工艺的控制、产品的标准化等提供理论依据。     

354拖拉机与1.5m旋耕机配套性能分析

通过动力特性分析,解决了拖拉机动力输出轴转速高,输出扭矩较小,不能克服土壤对旋耕机的阻力矩,无法正常作业的问题.     

齿轮传动润滑油粘度选择的可靠性计算

以齿轮传动不发生胶合、磨损等齿面失效为前提，根据弹性流体动压润滑理论的最小油膜厚度与齿面粗糙度的关系，用可靠性方法确定齿轮润滑油的粘度，给出计算公式并进行了实例计算。克服了传统的经验法选择齿轮润滑油粘度的局限性，将齿轮润滑油粘度的选择提到理论高度并可直接算出具体数值。     

Suitability of Multi-Agent Simulations to study irrigated system viability: application to case studies in the Senegal River Valley

It is assumed that Agent-Based Modeling is a useful technique for water management issues. In particular, it may provide a suitable framework for representing irrigated systems. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate its potential for a specific use: research on irrigated systems’ viability in the Senegal River Valley. The main assumption to be verified is that Multi-Agent Systems constitute a suitable architecture to study theoretically irrigated systems’ viability using simulations. By using Multi-Agent Systems, virtual irrigated systems can be designed that might then be used as virtual laboratories. These virtual labs constitute an alternative when real labs cannot exist for some reason.

In this paper we report on experiments we have conducted using such virtual labs for exploring an Agent-Based Model through the simulation of scenarios. A scenario is defined as a triplet: an environment, a set of individual rules, a set of collective rules. It is evaluated according to the longevity of the irrigated system. An index is defined, based on the ratio of long-enduring simulations among a set of repetitions of a given scenario. Even if simulation results display significant diversity for a given scenario due to random factors in the processes simulated, the ratio of long-enduring simulations is repeatable. This entails to explore the overall behavior of the virtual irrigated system and to build theories concerning the viability of Senegalese irrigated systems. An example is given showing the need for strong coherence for a given environment among individual rules and collective rules.     

Water status response of corn and cotton to altered irrigation

Water is a primary limiting factor to crop production and thus crop water status is essential information for management decisions. Corn and cotton were grown in the field under two constant water regimes. The low water level (WL) was 0.662PET (potential evapotranspiration) in corn and rainfall for cotton. The high water level (WH) was 1.02PET for both crops. Two transient water treatments in each crop began as the two constant water level treatments but then the water inputs were reversed and the change in water status was monitored. When the transient water treatments were initiated, corn was at the V14 and V16 growth stages in the WL and WH treatments, respectively, and cotton was 2 weeks past first bloom for both water levels. The purpose of the experiment was to compare the sensitivity of leaf water potential (LWP) and crop canopy temperature to changes in irrigation rate. The transient water treatment of each crop that relieved water stress (TLH) changed from WL to WH and the treatment which induced water stress changed from WH to WL (THL). The LWP values of the transient water treatments reversed 5 and 8 days after reversing water input rates to corn in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and after 3 days in both years for cotton. A reversal in canopy temperatures, expressed as the amount of daily time that the temperature was above 28°C (DST), was not detected between the TLH and THL treatments of corn after 25 days in 1998 or after 13 days in 1999. The DST values of the cotton transient water treatments reversed after 4 days in 1998 and 5 days in 1999, when the values of THL became greater than for TLH. Corn tassels, which apparently transpire less than leaves, were forming at the beginning of the transient water treatments and their presence in the view of the infrared thermocouples may have reduced the apparent radiometric temperature difference between the transient water treatments. During the water status adjustment period following the initiation of the transient water treatments, there were significant linear relationships between LWP and DST in cotton in both years but only in 1998 in corn. Cotton canopy temperature could be used to rapidly monitor an entire field in contrast to LWP which accurately measures plant water status but cannot provide automated measurements across a large area.     

基于最优轨迹跟踪的地下铲运机无人驾驶技术

结合地下巷道的特殊应用环境,提出了一种基于最优轨迹跟踪的铲运机无人驾驶技术。铲运机在无人驾驶时,通过车载传感器实时获取其实际的行驶轨迹相对于最优路径轨迹的偏差信息,包括横向位置偏差和航向角偏差,将偏差信息进行充分融合后,通过实时控制并调整铲运机前后铰接角的大小实现位置和航向角偏差不断趋向于零,以达到较好的跟踪最优路径轨迹目的。结合实际应用对算法进行了仿真测试,在模拟巷道环境下,利用2 m3铲运机验证了该无人驾驶技术,模拟实际环境下的实验结果证明,基于最优轨迹跟踪的方法可实现铲运机的无人驾驶。     

温室移动机器人驱动与控制系统的硬件设计

在温室的三维干涉环境中,应用硬件技术实现移动机器人的实时响应性、鲁棒性和对复杂作业环境的适应能力,以及多电动机协调驱动算法和高效智能控制算法等。采用面向数字控制应用的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407作为主控芯片,由DSP发出电动机PWM控制信号,将其他传感器及数控接口集成到CPLD芯片EPM7128上,由CPLD输送到DSP,完成驱动系统的闭环控制。在提高性能的前提下,整个控制器硬件结构变得简单、经济、可靠。     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively