高寒区轮作模式对当归田土壤特性及药材产量的影响

连作重茬造成当归产量逐年下降。采用药用植物秦艽(QJ)、羌活(QH)轮作当归(DG),以当归连作为对照,通过测定土壤和药材产量指标,利用主成分分析确定各指标权重,并结合隶属综合因子分析和聚类分析,旨在揭示不同药用作物轮作当归对土壤环境与药材产量的影响,为筛选适宜当归栽培的轮作模式提供科学依据。结果表明,不同作物轮作对当归田土壤特性和药材产量均具有显著影响,秦艽轮作当归可有效改善土壤特性,使当归成药期土壤磷和钾含量处于较低水平,而有机质维持在较高水平,对土壤水分的季节调控作用更为显著,与当归连作相比较,当归成药率提高94.10%,药材单根鲜重和药材鲜产量分别提高53.46%和125.56%,而羌活轮作当归土壤pH最高,有机质含量最低,当归连作土壤有机质含量虽高,但土壤富集磷和钾,对土壤水分季节性调控作用最小,当归成药率和药材产量均低。不同轮作模式当归成药率和药材产量依次为秦艽-当归>当归-当归>羌活-当归,综合指数大小依次为秦艽-当归(0.8132)>羌活-当归(0.3315)>当归连作(0.2051)。聚类分析将3种轮作模式分为三大类,重复小区亚类间距离均小,说明不同作物轮作对土壤的调控作用不同,高寒产区秦艽轮作当归是优化调控土壤环境,提高当归产出性能的有效轮作模式。     

Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue

The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle.     

水貂变形杆菌病的检测与防治

为给水貂变形杆菌病的临床诊断和治疗提供依据,对发病水貂进行了临床和病理学诊断、细菌分离培养、生化试验、药敏试验及动物试验,同时进行了病毒检测,从病貂体内分离出革兰氏阴性、多形性杆菌。该菌在十六烷培养基上呈扩散生长,能够发酵葡萄糖,硫化氢、苯丙氨酸、脲酶试验均为阳性。最终通过动物试验,验证分离到的杆菌为变形杆菌。随后以药敏试验为依据,选择对该变形杆菌敏感的丙氟哌酸给予治疗,最终达到良好的治疗效果。     

2017年北京市猪伪狂犬病血清学调查

为了解北京市猪伪狂犬病野毒感染情况,2017年从北京市7个区157个养猪场（户）,采集5 469份猪血清样品,采用猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）gE抗体酶联免疫检测试剂盒进行血清学调查。结果显示：北京市7个区均有不同程度的PRV野毒感染,平均样品阳性率为53.36%。其中：经产母猪阳性率最高（58.28%）,其次是育成猪（57.55%）、育肥猪（54.49%）,后备母猪阳性率最低（37.46%）;散养户的样品阳性率较高,为66.42%,规模猪场的阳性率较低,为47.71%。调查结果表明,北京市PRV野毒感染较为严重,对猪场采取伪狂犬病净化和综合防控措施势在必行。     

慈竹生长过程纤维素、木质素及灰分动态积累

以当年生不同生长高度的慈竹为研究对象,探讨慈竹生长过程中纤维素、木质素和灰分含量的积累规律。结果表明:慈竹不同生长高度纤维素含量顶、中部变化趋势均以对数方式增长;基部纤维素含量和茎秆纤维素总含量变化趋势都呈"S型"曲线;各部位木质素含量变化趋势总体呈倒"S型"曲线,且不同高度间的木质素含量的差异达显著水平;随着生长高度的增高,茎秆顶部、基部灰分含量以及茎秆灰分总含量总体呈倒"S型"曲线变化,中部灰分含量总体呈"S型"曲线变化。纤维素总含量、木质素总含量的积累分别集中在茎秆高度为150~800、30~800 cm这个生长时期;灰分总量在300~800 cm保持较高的水平。     

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil from Beef Cattle Farms in Three Regions of Xinjiang

In order to study and evaluate the feeding environment of the beef cattle farms in Xinjiang, the contents of heavy mentals in the soil from 8 beef cattle farms in Xinjiang Aksu, Yili and Tacheng regions were tested according to the Field of Livestock and Poultry Environment Quality Standard (NY/T 388—1999).The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to determine the contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr.The mean contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in 8 beef cattle farms soil were 0.389, 0.568, 22.708, 0.573 and 149.449 mg/kg, respectively, and they were all below the upper limit of NY/T 388—1999.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of 8 beef cattle farms were 0.577 to 0.994, and the index were 0.7 to 1 of two observation points in Yili and one observation point in Tacheng.The soil environment quality of these 3 farms were at the level of slight cleaning.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of other five observation points were ≤0.7, the soil environment was in a clean level.The soil environment of beef cattle farms in these three regions conformed to the standards of livestock for environment quality and safe products.     

饲草料半干青贮工艺及技术装备

饲草料是畜牧业发展的重要基础，浅述了饲草料半干青贮工艺，分析饲草料半干青贮装备的现有技术装备水平及发展趋势，为我国半干青贮装备的推广应用提供参考。      

我国管理科学研究热点及代表人物的可视化分析

进入新世纪以来，管理科学在我国取得了蓬勃的发展，逐渐形成了庞杂的学科知识体系，与此同时，管理学也涌现了一大批管理科学专家，并在各自的领域中作出了卓越的贡献。利用中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）2000~2009年的20种管理科学重要期刊文献为数据，从文献计量的角度对我国管理科学十年来的发展进行分析，通过可视化分析工具CiteSpace展示了企业与事业单位管理、管理基础与方法、宏观管理与政策研究三个主要的学科领域的代表人物和研究热点。     

干热河谷印楝树干液流密度动态变化特征研究

采用TDP技术对金沙江干热河谷元谋段主要造林树种印楝的树干液流密度动态变化进行了观测,得到3点主要结论:①无论干热季节或湿润季节,印楝树干液流密度昼夜变化的规律性较强,呈明显的单峰曲线;②由干热季节转向湿润季节时,印楝树干液流密度呈下降趋势,5年生印楝在5月、7月及10月的典型晴天里的树干液流密度日变化平均值分别为12.11、7.48及6.90cm3·cm-2·h-1;③在干热季节里印楝蒸腾耗水具有相当的被动性,而在湿润季节时其蒸腾耗水则表现出主动性和平氨性,反映了印楝在不同季节里的耗水机制差异.     

贵州息烽天台山黄心夜合种群结构和动态研究初报

在以黄心夜合(Michelia martinii)为优势种群的森林群落内设置1200 m2样地,用相邻格子法进行每木调查获取野外资料.通过对种群大小级(立木级)数量特征和分布格局分析,探讨了黄心夜合种群结构和不同发育阶段种群格局动态.结果表明,黄心夜合种群结构呈不完整的金字塔型,中小径级种群缺失较多,但有一定数量的幼苗幼树(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级),仍属于稳定型种群或进入成熟型阶段.种群不同发育阶段分布格局由集群分布向随机分布转变,集群强度由强变弱,种群密度由大变小,群落仍处于相对稳定阶段.