2013年春季黑龙江省大豆市场分析及后市展望

受春季降水多、积雪厚、回暖晚的不利气象条件影响,2013年黑龙江省大豆播种延后1周以上。由于种植效益低,农民种豆积极性低,黑龙江省北部地区大豆面积继续保持下降趋势。在大豆市场方面,黑龙江省农民忙于春耕生产,加工企业多数停产,大豆市场购销停滞,大豆价格平稳回落。展望后市,进口大豆将供给充足,后期国内大豆价格震荡回落;国际大豆价格将呈现震荡走低格局。     

Fruit set after self-pollination at different floral stages and its relation to pollen-tube growth and stylar S-RNase content in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.)

Summary

To investigate fruit set after self-pollination at different floral stages, and its relationship to the S-RNase content of the style in Japanese apricot, which exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), the cultivar ‘Xiyeqing’ was selfand cross-pollinated at –6, –4, –2, 0 and +2 d after anthesis (DAA). At –6 and –4 DAA, the percentage fruit set was low, suggesting that the propensity to seed set was weak during this period. At –2 DAA, the percentage fruit set, after self-pollination, reached a maximum of 5.97%. Thus, the effective time of self-pollination to obtain inbred seed was –2 DAA. Soluble protein extracts of styles at each floral stage were subjected to iso-electric focussing. The results showed that S-RNase began to be synthesized from –6 DAA, reached its maximum expression 2 – 3 d before anthesis, and was degraded slowly after anthesis. The number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base, as detected by fluorescence microscopy, varied at –2, 0, and +2 DAA. The number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base, and the percentage fruit set after self-pollination, exhibited a positive correlation (r = 0.8615; P = 0.1), while the S-RNase content per style showed a negative relationship to fruit set percentage (r = –0.9640; P = 0.01), and to the number of pollen tubes arriving at the stylar base (r = –0.9380; P = 0.01) during this period. This implied that the S-RNase content in the style was mainly responsible for the low percentage fruit set and the low number of pollen-tubes arriving at the stylar base after self-pollination.     

不同材料包装袋对泡椒鲜切马铃薯片储藏品质的影响

以马铃薯为原料,制作泡椒鲜切马铃薯片,分别用全透明的聚酰胺/流延聚丙烯(PA/CPP)、半透明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/镀铝箔/聚乙烯(PET/镀铝箔/PE)和不透明的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/铝箔/聚乙烯(PET/铝箔/PE)耐高温蒸煮袋抽真空包装,于37℃、相对湿度75％、光照条件下储藏42 d,考察不同材料包装袋对泡椒鲜切马铃薯片色泽、质地、菌落总数及感官品质的影响,筛选适合泡椒鲜切马铃薯片的包装材料.结果表明:包装袋透光率对泡椒鲜切马铃薯片储藏品质有显著影响,氧气透过量和水蒸气透过量较低的不透明耐高温PET/铝箔/PE袋能有效抑制泡椒鲜切马铃薯片的褐变,减缓L*值的降低,保持硬度、弹性和咀嚼性水平,抑制微生物的生长,泡椒鲜切马铃薯片储藏42 d后,其品质完好,口感佳,与其他两种包装袋相比,显著延长了产品货架期.     

甘薯近缘野生种三浅裂野牵牛WRKY基因家族的生物信息学分析

WRKY基因家族是一类含有WRKY保守结构域的转录因子大家族,是植物中最大的转录调控因子家族之一。目前已有多种植物WRKY家族的分析鉴定报告,但关于甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)中WRKY家族的报告却很少。本研究利用生物信息学方法对甘薯近缘野生种三浅裂野牵牛Ipomoea trifida(Kunth)G.Don的基因组数据进行了详细的分析,结果显示:在三浅裂野牵牛基因组中共鉴定得到82个WRKY转录因子,其中81个不均匀分布在基因组的15条染色体上,第5号染色体上分布最多(10个基因),第8和15号染色体上分布最少(2个基因);蛋白分子大小在116~710个氨基酸之间,等电点为4.85~10.33不等;按照保守结构域分类可以分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组,Ⅱ组包含Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱc、Ⅱd和Ⅱe五个亚组,其中Ⅰ组有15个ItWRKY基因、Ⅱa组4个、Ⅱb组11个、Ⅱc组23个、Ⅱd组7个Ⅱe组10个、Ⅲ组12个;82个ItWRKY基因中有8个基因的核心结构域WRKYGQK发生了单个氨基酸变化(WRKYGKK)。ItWRKY基因以组织特异性的方式表达且在不同胁迫下基因的表达量存在差异,表明ItWRKY基因参与了三浅裂野牵牛对胁迫的响应。本研究为甘薯WRKY基因的功能鉴定提供了参考作用,进一步为甘薯的分子育种提供了帮助。     

不结球白菜形态性状及SSR遗传多样性关联分析

分析不结球白菜遗传多样性,筛选与形态性状相关联且具有多态性的标记位点,为不结球白菜的分子辅助育种选择、种质资源的利用和新品种选育提供依据。本研究以类型差异大、有南方特色的54份种质资源为材料,对其6个质量性状和5个数量性状进行3次田间调查,从40对引物中筛选出25对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析,结合形态性状对54份不结球白菜种质资源进行统计分析。结果表明:6个质量性状间具有丰富的多样性,5个数量性状间有显著的差异性,其中SA变异系数最大,FC与L、W和SA呈显著正相关;25对SSR引物共检测到72个多态性位点,平均每对SSR引物产生2.88个多态性位点,PIC平均值为0.3831,说明不结球白菜SSR具有丰富的遗传多样性;54份不结球白菜的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.492~0.963,平均为0.742,在遗传距离0.6处可将供试材料划分为3个类群;通过关联分析发现5个与数量性状关联的标记位点,各标记的表型变异解释率在0.4657~0.6329,平均为0.5393。本试验获得的5个标记位点可为不结球白菜分子标记育种提供依据。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的水稻miR1866突变体构建

microRNA(miRNA)是长度为18~25个碱基的非编码单链RNA,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的调节作用。水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,近年来调控水稻生长发育的miRNA不断被发掘,但目前关于miR1866的研究还比较少。本研究通过构建miR1866的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,创制miR1866的突变体,挖掘水稻miR1866的功能。依据CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,设计了miR1866的突变靶点,通过人工合成的方法得到包含突变靶点的特异序列,经过磷酸化修饰和退火后与载体Sg RNA连接进而与Cas9重组得到miR1866的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法导入粳稻品种日本晴,获得转基因植株,结合测序结果判断转基因植株突变单株的突变基因型。本研究比较了野生型和突变体(KO1866-1-2和KO1866-2-4)在相同培养条件下苗期的根长、株高、茎基粗、鲜重和干重,结果表明:在营养液培养条件下,突变体的株高、根长、茎基粗、鲜重和干重均显著低于野生型。据此推测,miR1866对水稻的生长发育有一定的调节作用。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9创制水稻miR1866的突变体,对研究miRNA调控途径,完善水稻miRNA调控的分子机制具有重要的意义。     

A protease-insensitive feruloyl esterase from China Holstein cow rumen metagenomic library: expression, characterization, and utilization in ferulic acid release from wheat straw

A metagenomic library of China Holstein cow rumen microbes was constructed and screened for novel gene cluster. A novel feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene was identified with a length of 789 bp and encoded a protein displaying 56% identity to known esterase sequences. The gene was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the total molecular weight of the recombined protein was 32.4 kDa. The purified enzyme showed a broad specificity against the four methyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and high activity (259.5 U/mg) to methyl ferulate at optimum conditions (pH 8.0, 40 °C). High thermal and pH stability were also observed. Moreover, the enzyme showed broad resistance to proteases. FAE-SH1 can enhance the release of ferulic acid from wheat straw with cellulase, β-1,4-endoxylanase, β-1,3-glucanase, and pectase. These features suggest FAE-SH1 as a good candidate to enhance biomass degradation and improve the health effects of food and forage.     

Preservation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate antioxidant properties loaded in heat treated β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was loaded in heat treated β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) for the preservation of antioxidant activity. The effects of pH (2.5-7.0), the heating temperature of β-Lg (30-85 °C), the molar ratio of β-Lg to EGCG (1:2-1:32), and the β-Lg concentration (1-10 mg/mL) on the properties of β-Lg-EGCG complexes were studied. All four factors significantly influenced the particle size, the ζ-potential, and the entrapment efficiency of EGCG and EGCG loading in β-Lg particles. A stable and clear solution system could be obtained at pH 6.4-7.0. The highest protection of EGCG antioxidant activity was obtained with β-Lg heated at 85 °C and the molar ratio of 1:2 (β-Lg: EGCG). β-Lg-EGCG complexes were found to have the same secondary structure as native β-Lg.     

Comparison of fast gas chomatography-surface acoustic wave (FGC-SAW) detection and GC-MS for characterizing blueberry cultivars and maturity

A novel analytical method using fast gas chromatography-surface acoustic wave detection (FGC-SAW) was employed to rapidly characterize blueberry volatile profiles according to genotypes and fruit maturity. Fourteen FGC-SAW peaks were observed and 11 peaks were tentatively identified in the 15 s chromatogram. Peak identifications were confirmed by matching retention index values with similar values from GC-MS analyses of the same samples. Eighty peaks were observed in the 40 min GC-MS analysis of identical samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plots of FGC-SAW and GC-MS data both differentiated blueberries according to genotype, maturity stage, and harvest date even though FGC-SAW PCA's used far fewer peak area values. PCA plots clearly separated 'FL02-40', 'Snowchaser', 'Jewel', and 'Primadonna' blueberry cultivars into four quarters using two-dimensional PCA projections. FGC-SAW was also successful in differentiating three berry maturity stages in PCA score plots for both 'Jewel' and 'Primadonna' cultivars. FGC-SAW is an effective technique for rapid analysis of major blueberry volatiles, but could not determine many mid- and low-level volatiles as they were often coeluted with higher concentration volatiles.     

Determination of main categories of components in corn steep liquor by near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression

Corn steep liquor (CSL) is an important raw material that has a high nutritional value and serves as a nitrogen source. This study aimed to develop a fast, versatile, cheap, and environmentally safe analytical method of quantifying the total acidity (TA) of CSL as well as its contents of dry matter (DM), total sugars (TS), total reducing sugars (TRS), total free amino acids (TFAA), total nitrogen (TN), and total sulfite (TSu). The near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements of 66 samples (22 batches) of CSL were analyzed by partial least-squares regression using several spectral preprocessing methods. Multivariate models developed in the NIR area showed good predictive abilities for DM, TA, TS, TRS, TFAA, TN, and TSu determination. These results confirm the feasibility of the multivariate spectroscopic approach as a replacement for expensive and time-consuming conventional chemical methods. Thus, a convenient and feasible method for the quality control of fermentation raw materials for food additives and fine chemicals, especially in CSL, is established.