基于SSR和SRAP标记的苹果品种亲缘关系分析

【目的】用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术,分析苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)重要栽培品种的亲缘关系,为苹果杂交育种亲本及组合的选配提供参考。【方法】用亲缘关系较近的金冠和秦冠筛选SSR和SRAP多态性引物,利用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术对37个苹果栽培品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。【结果】筛选出了用于37个苹果主栽品种亲缘关系分析的10对SSR和10对SRAP引物,其分别产生56和64条扩增带,平均多态性比率分别为61.09%和70.8%。根据SSR+SRAP分析结果,37个苹果品种被聚为6大类。【结论】所选取的引物能够有效地揭示供试苹果品种的遗传多样性,并且苹果品种分类与传统系谱基本一致。     

胚胎冷冻技术及其在转基因小鼠中的应用

随着生物工程技术的发展,出现了许多生物工程小鼠品系,促使胚胎冷冻技术得到了广泛应用。胚胎冷冻技术不仅为转基因动物提供可用胚胎,还使胚胎移植不受时间、地域限制,简化引种过程,防止疾病传播,为建立优良动物的胚胎库提供了条件。综述了几种常用的胚胎冷冻方法及其在转基因小鼠中的应用研究,指出了胚胎冷冻方法存在的主要问题,并展望了其发展前景。     

Meiotic Response of In vitro Matured Canine Oocytes under Different Proteins and Heterologous Hormone Supplementation

The impact of TCM‐199 supplemented with different proteins and heterologous hormones on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of bitch oocytes was evaluated by nuclear staining under fluorescence microscopy. Oocytes were recovered by slicing of ovaries from bitches presented at various stages of oestrous cycle to ovariohysterectomy. The basic culture medium was TCM‐199 supplemented with 25 mM Hepes/l, with 10% heat‐inactivated oestrous cow serum (ECS), 50 μg/ml gentamicin, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate and 22‐μg/ml pyruvic acid, 1.0‐μg/ml oestradiol (E 8875; Sigma), 0.5‐μg/ml follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) (Folltropin‐V; Vetrepharm Inc., Ontario, Canada) and 0.03 IU/ml human gonadotropin (hCG) (Profasi HP; Serono, Aubonne, Switzerland). Oocytes were distributed randomly between basic culture medium (control) and the corresponding experimental treatment. Hormone treatments were: oocytes cultured in; (1) medium without FSH, (2) control medium supplemented with 20 μg/ml oestradiol, or (3) medium supplemented with 1 μg/ml human somatotropin (hST; Humatrope, Lilly, Saint Cloud, France). The second experiment consisted of oocytes cultured in medium supplemented with 0.4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V; Gibco Grand Island, NY, USA) instead of ECS, or oocytes cultured in medium with 10% inactivated oestrous bitch serum (EBS) instead of ECS. Oocytes were cultured in 100 μl droplets (up to 25 oocytes per drop) under mineral oil at 37°C in a 100% humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂ in air. After 72 h of IVM, the highest rates (p < 0.05) of meiotic resumption were achieved with the 0.4% BSA supplementation. A positive influence on the metaphase II (MII) acquisition rate was observed with hST supplement. Oocytes cultured with 10% EBS supplementation did not develop to the MII stage. The results in this study show that the protein and hormone supplements to TCM‐199 culture medium tested did not promote the final steps of IVM of bitch oocytes.     

西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因AluⅠ多态性的比较研究

利用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)技术 ,测定了西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛生长激素基因的AluⅠ RFLP (限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 ) ,并比较了2牛群的基因频率。在西藏牦牛和黑白花奶牛中 ,等位基因A的频率分别为 0 935和 0 90 5 ,等位基因B的频率分别为 0 0 65和 0 0 65 ,卡方检验差异不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Anesthetized, Paralyzed Dogs and Cats Via Transtracheal and and Endotracheal Tube Routes

The ability of the SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator to effectively ventilate three anesthetized, paralyzed cats (3.2–4.2 kg), two small dogs (7.2 and 10.0 kg), six medium-sized dogs (20.5–25.0 kg), and three large dogs (36.0–43.0 kg) via a 14-gauge (dogs) or a 16-gauge (cats) catheter placed percutaneously into the trachea via the cricothyroid membrane or into a preplaced endotracheal tube was evaluated. The lowest driving pressure within the range of 0.25 to 2.0 kg/cm² (1 kg/cm²= 14.2 psi) and the highest cycle rate within the range of 60 to 240 per minute that would generate a PaCO₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg were determined.
All animals could be ventilated to a PaC0₂ of 30 ± 3 mm Hg by the endotracheal tube and transtracheal route, except the largest dogs, which couid be ventilated to an average PaC0₂ of 36 mm Hg by the transtracheal route. The transtracheal route consistently required higher driving pressures and lower cycle rates than did the endotracheal tube route. Cats could be ventilated with a driving pressure of 0.25 kg/cm²; small dogs could be ventilated with 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm₂; medium-sized dogs with 1.0 to 1.5 kg/cm²; and large dogs with 1.5 to 2.0 kg/cm².
The SAV 6 high-frequency jet ventilator can effectively ventilate cats and dogs (7.2–43.0 kg) via a transtracheal catheter and an endotracheal tube.     

X-Chromosomal Monosomy (77, XO) in a Doberman Pinscher With Gonadal Dysgenesis

A 6-month-old stunted female Doberman Pinscher was found to have a 77,X0 chromosomal complement. The ovaries were small, consisting primarily of interstitial-type cells and solid epithelial cords. The dam, sire, and a male littermate had normal karyotypes.     

Idiopathic pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in two cows

Idiopathic pericarditis is an uncommon diagnosis in cattle with cardiac tamponade. Two cows were examined for clinical signs of right-sided congestive heart failure, including tachycardia, venous distention, and peripheral edema. Muffled heart sounds were detected in one of the cows. Echocardiography in both cows revealed voluminous anechoic pericardial effusion and compression of the right atrium and right ventricle. Cytologic analysis of the pericardial fluid revealed hemorrhagic inflammation but no evidence of a septic or neoplastic condition such as traumatic reticulopericarditis or lymphoma, respectively. Pericardial drainage and lavage accompanied by treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs were curative in both cows. It is important to differentiate cows with idiopathic pericarditis from cows with more common septic pericarditis because the prognosis for the former disease appears to be good with appropriate treatment.     

Comparison of the properties of hyaluronate products used in treatment of joint dysfunction in horses

A standardized investigation was conducted to compare the biophysical properties of hyaluronate products used in the treatment of joint dysfunction in horses. Results showed that two of the five products, Hyvisc® and Hylartin®V, contained higher-weight molecular hyaluronate (greater than 1.5×10⁶). Other investigations have shown that higher molecular weight hyaluronate is effective in providing physical resistance to shear, in stimulating endogenous hyaluronate synthesis, and in inhibiting excess cell proliferation which may be associated with synovial pannus formation. It is suggested that the therapeutic benefits of hyaluronate products may be dependent on the molecular size of the hyaluronate molecules. Higher molecular weight hyaluronate products would be expected to be more effective than lower molecular hyaluronate products in providing therapeutic benefits.     

羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养和植株高效再生技术研究

【目的】建立羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养及植株高效再生体系。【方法】以羊踯躅新生嫩叶为外植体,筛选嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化及生根培养基,并以再生植株茎节为试材,建立高效植株再生体系。【结果】最适合羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导的培养基为1/2 DR+2.40 mg/L 2ip+0.80 mg/L NAA,诱导率为99.5%;愈伤组织再分化的最佳培养基为1/2 DR+2.90 mg/L 2ip+0.01 mg/L NAA+1.75 mg/L KT,分化率为99.7%;适宜生根的培养基为1/4 DR+0.06 mg/L ZT+0.02 mg/L NAA,生根率达99.0%。利用再生植株茎节的快繁结果表明,在28 d的培养周期内,每节段平均增殖达5倍以上。【结论】成功建立了羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化芽苗和植株高效再生体系,可以满足羊踯躅工厂化育苗的需要。     

外源物质对辣椒种子发芽的影响研究

用一定浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、硝酸钾(KNO3)、萘乙酸(NAA)溶液处理可显著提高辣椒砧木品种肩车种子的发芽率,并对其发芽势、发芽指数有一定的促进作用。比较几种药剂对辣椒种子发芽的影响发现,GA3和IAA对辣椒种子的发芽影响效果最佳,最适宜浓度分别为200 mg/L和1.5 mg/L。