通辽市果树调查报告

通辽市现有果树总面积１．２４２９万ｈｍ＾２,已结果的占５５％,以苹果和梨占绝对优势。在树种和品种结构及管理上,都存在一些问题,本文对此进行阐述,提出了改进意见。     

无尾鸡骨骼发育关键信号通路研究进展

骨骼系统对机体的生命活动至关重要，它为生物体提供了造血微环境、机械支撑、保护脏器等功能，同时也是钙和其他矿物质等的储存库。家鸡尾骨的表型多样性是研究骨骼系统发育及形成机制的良好资源。Notch、Wnt信号通路的靶基因及其相互作用可以形成周期性表达的特点，是调节体节形成及尾部骨骼终止延伸的分子通路。为了解无尾鸡骨骼发育终止的分子机制，作者分别总结了骨骼发育、无尾鸡骨骼研究进展，并重点讨论影响无尾性状的关键信号通路Notch、Wnt及其在无尾鸡研究中的进展。但是，受体和配体之间相互作用的精确调节以及信号通路中的核心元素仍不清楚，需要通过更多的功能基因组和蛋白质组等方法进行深入研究。     

抛物线沙丘形态特征与土壤含水量和紧实度的关系研究

以库布齐沙漠南缘典型抛物线沙丘为研究对象,通过对沙丘土壤水分含量与紧实度的测量,分析了沙丘形态特征与土壤水分含量、紧实度的关系。结果表明,沙丘臂间平地水分含量与其周围本底值相似,高于沙丘其它地貌部位。沙丘土壤水分含量高的区域,紧实度较大,抗侵蚀能力较强。沙丘土壤水分含量、紧实度等物理性状特征也影响植被的发育与分布。     

卵泡生长发育及其调控的研究进展

综述了卵泡生长发育的动态模式,即卵泡经原始卵泡、初级卵泡、次级卵泡和窦腔卵泡发育至排卵卵泡的过程,着重阐述了卵泡生长发育过程中的调控机制,为进一步研究卵泡的生长、发育和排卵机制提供了理论基础。     

Genetic diversity,phylogenetic position and morphometric analysis of Astacus colchicus (Decapoda,Astacidae): a new insight into Eastern European crayfish fauna

The phylogeny of European crayfish fauna, especially with respect to Eastern European species, is still far from being completely resolved. To fill this gap, we analyzed most of the European crayfish species focusing on the phylogenetic position of the endemic crayfish Astacus colchicus, inhabiting Georgia. Three mitochondrial and one nuclear marker were used to study evolutionary relationships among European crayfish species, resulting in the unique phylogenetic position of A. colchicus indicating independent species status to A. astacus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a deep molecular divergence of A. colchicus in comparison to A. astacus (6.5–10.9% in mtDNA and 1.1% in nDNA) as well as to Pontastacus leptodactylus and P. pachypus (5.5–10.0% in mtDNA and 1.4–2.4% in nDNA). Absent ventral process on second male pleopod and abdominal somites II and III with pleura rounded lacking prominent spines clearly indicate taxonomic assignment to the genus Astacus; however, the species is distributed almost in the middle of Ponto-Caspian area typical by occurrence of the genus Pontastacus. Several morphological indices linked to head length, carapace, and total body length and width were found to demonstrate apparent differences between A. colchicus and A. astacus. Although this study provides a novel insight into European crayfish phylogeography, we also point out the gaps in comprehensive study of the P. leptodactylus species complex, which could reveal details about the potential species status of particular species and subspecies within this genus.     

辽宁省糯玉米研究现状与育种方法探讨

回顾了糯玉米的起和发展状况。糯玉米起源于中国，具有广泛的利用价值。辽宁省在糯玉米的研究利用上落后于其它省份，处于起步阶段。在育种目标上应以鲜食和工业加工为主。采用二环选育法、逐代回交改良法以及回交、自交轮回式循环方法是加快辽宁省糯玉米新品种选育的有效方法。     

盐酸苯噁唑在鹿体内的药代动力学研究

本研究的主要目的是建立鹿血浆盐酸苯嗯唑浓度反相高效液相色谱紫外检测法,探讨盐酸苯噁唑在鹿血浆中的药代动力学.6只临床健康的梅花鹿,同一环境下饲养后肌内注射盐酸苯恶唑(0.44 mg·kg-1),颈静脉采血8 mL后分离血浆,通过建立的高效液相色谱检测法,测定各采血时间的血浆药物浓度.结果表明,盐酸苯噁唑单剂量肌内注射给药后,药代动力学符合吸收一室模型,药代动力学参数吸收半衰期(t1/2Ka)、消除半衰期(t1/2Ke)分别为(2.09±0.34)、(13.18±0.24)min,血浆药时曲线下面积(AUC0→∞)为(70±3.50)(μg·mL-1)·min,最大血药浓度(Cmax)为(4.70±0.50)μg·mL-1,血药达峰时间(Tpeak)为(12.46±0.12)min.试验结果提示,盐酸苯噁唑在鹿体内吸收快,消除迅速,4 h后血浆中无药物残留.     

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus: 2. Virological studies

Quantitative and qualitative differences were demonstrated in the amount of virus in a range of tissues from pigs infected with either the Weybridge or New South Wales (NSW) strains of hog cholera (HC) virus. The titre of the Weybridge strain in samples, as assessed by either virus titration in cell culture or by the density of specific fluorescing cells in tissue sections, was higher than that for the NSW strain. This correlated with the greater severity of the clinico-pathological syndrome induced by the Weybridge strain. The implications of the differences in the virus content of tissues in the diagnosis of HC is discussed as is the use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate HC and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses.     

Uterine Responses to Exogenous Oxytocin Before and After Pre-partum Luteolysis in the Cow

The aim of this study was to test the functional status of uterine oxytocin receptors in cows in vivo around parturition. The animals received consecutive, intra‐arterial injections of 800, 1600 and 3200 mU of oxytocin at three different stages: during late gestation (days 260–274), at 12 h and at 24 h after intramuscular injection of a prostaglandin F_2α analogue at day 275 to induce parturition. Cows (n=6) had been provided with myometrial electrodes and a catheter had been installed in the aorta and in a branch of the uterine vein (UV). Regular blood samples were obtained from the UV from 5 min before until 45 min after each oxytocin injection to measure plasma levels of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) and oxytocin. Uterine electromyographic (EMG) activity was registered continuously during each experiment. The increase of oxytocin levels in UV plasma after intra‐arterial injections was dose dependent (p < 0.02). Pre‐ and post treatment oxytocin levels at 24 h after induction of parturition were significantly increased (p=0.0313). Both during late pregnancy and at 12 h after induction of parturition, oxytocin caused a significant increase in EMG activity (p=0.022). After the 3200 mU dose the increase was significantly higher than with the other 2 doses (p=0.004). After each dose, EMG activity returned to baseline levels within some 15 min. At 24 h after induction of parturition, the pre‐treatment level of EMG activity had increased. Doses of 800 mU and 1600 mU of oxytocin produced a significant (p=0.022) increment of EMG activity, which was of the same magnitude as during the preceding stages; after 3200 mU of oxytocin the response was significantly higher than before (p=0.008). No significant increases of PGF_2α levels in UV plasma could be measured after oxytocin injections at any of the three stages. It is concluded that the myometrium of the pregnant cow responds in vivo to physiological doses of oxytocin. At 24 h after induction of parturition, when luteolysis has occurred and a parturient pattern of parturient myometrial activity has already started to develop, the response is enhanced. Physiological doses of oxytocin did not evoke a spurt release of PGF_2α in uterine venous blood during the peripartal period.