基于冠层温度和土壤墒情的实时监测与灌溉决策系统

设计了一个可以在线连续监测田间作物冠层温度、环境信息和土壤墒情的实时灌溉决策系统,并将其安装于农田进行了1 a实际运行和观测。系统采用太阳能供电和微处理器进行数据采集和管理,为野外的实际应用提供了保障。系统配置了红外温度、空气温/湿度、土壤水分/水势等传感器,能够及时采集田间全面的同步数据,排除了异地观测所形成的数据误差。采用悬臂式多点采集下垫面红外温度检测方法,可以快速采集更多和更高精度的数据,避免单点测量的人为误差。系统配备的快速锁紧装置,能够根据下垫面作物的生长情况进行传感器位置高度调节,使检测数据更符合田间实际情况。通过运行管理和监测数据分析可见,所监测数据能够很精细的刻画田间作物实际生长状况,可以用于灌区综合灌溉决策,实现田间精量灌溉管理和控制,为灌溉管理的精量化和智能化提供数据支持。     

南瓜叶防治菜粉蝶幼虫的药效评价及成本分析

通过实验室研究和大田试验对收集自我国民间的土农药——南瓜叶榨取液防治芥蓝菜粉蝶幼虫的药效进行验证和经济方面的分析评价。实验室研究结果表明：南瓜叶榨取液防治菜粉蝶主要作用机制是抑制其取食，在12h和24h的取食抑制中浓度FRC50（Feeding Restrain Content）分别为511．3214和484．3441mg·L^-1；12h和24h菜粉蝶幼虫对浸渍过榨取液芥蓝叶片的非选择性拒食率和选择性拒食率分别为66．00％、57．75％和56．04％、56．52％。大田试验结果表明：在第2、5、7d，榨取液对于芥蓝的保叶效果分别达到了48．17％、65．82％和70.46％；对虫害的防治效果分别达到了97．58％、86．98％和90．72％。经济分析结果显示：用土农药防治菜粉蝶，亩产芥蓝利润值最高，比不进行防治生产方式增加116．35元。     

抗球虫药新剂型的制备与研究

采用固体分散技术,利用溶剂法,以处方比例马度米星铵:聚维酮(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,PVPk30)分别为1:1、1:2、1:3制备了3个马度米星铵固体分散体,通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析鉴定,当马度米星铵与PVP k30的比例为1:3时马度米星铵的药物特征吸热峰消失,说明固体分散体制备成功。对药物进行体外累积溶出度研究,结果马度米星铵固体分散体在60 min内体外累积溶出度可达98.46%,比马度米星铵预混剂的2.57%提高了38倍多。抗球虫效果研究表明,马度米星铵固体分散体的抗球虫指数(ACI)为197.7,明显高于ACI为191.8的马度米星铵预混剂。     

Functional changes of retinal ganglion cells in rd1 mice during midterm of retinal pigmentosa

AIM: To investigate how the function of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) change in the midterm of retinal pigmentosa (RP) in rd1 mice (a transgenic animal model of RP). METHODS: The action potentials from multiple RGCs in rd1 mice at postnatal 20 d (P20) or normal C57 mice (control) were simultaneously recorded by multi-electrode array recording. The functional changes of surviving ganglion cells were evaluated by comparing spontaneous and light-evoked activities of RGCs between rd1 and control mice. The extent of photoreceptor degeneration was verified by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry results showed the thickness of the retinal photoreceptor layer of rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in normal mice at P20. According to the light response properties, we classified ganglion cells into 6 subgroups: ON sustained, ON transient, ON-OFF sustained, ON-OFF transient, OFF sustained and OFF transient RGCs, with a very tiny percentage of OFF sustained RGCs (1.0%~3.1%). The percentage of RGCs remaining light responsive in rd1 mice was significantly lower than that in C57 mice. The average spontaneous spiking rate for rd1 RGCs was overall significantly increased compared to that in C57 cells, whereas different RGC types had different changes. The light-induced responses and light sensitivities of all types of RGCs in rd1 mice were both significantly lower than those in C57 mice. CONCLUSION: The photoreceptors of rd1 mice are severely degenerated in the midterm of retinal degeneration. The functions of RGCs in rd1 mice in the midterm of degeneration decay obviously, with variance in different RGCs types.     

辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病的室内药效试验

以辽细辛精油为试材,黄瓜灰霉病菌为目标菌,采用菌片接种法,测定了辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病的活体药效和离体药效,以期探讨辽细辛精油的实用性,为植物源杀菌剂的开发提供理论依据。结果表明:辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病既有保护作用也有治疗作用,且随着精油浓度的升高药效逐渐提高;辽细辛精油的保护作用优于治疗作用,在活体条件下,保护和治疗作用的EC50分别为1 033.30mg·L~(-1)和1 038.31mg·L~(-1),充分体现了"预防为主"的植保理念。     

湿固化胶粘接高含水率桦木的润湿性能与胶接性能的关系

欲达到良好的界面胶合或高强度的胶接接头,胶黏剂在木材表面上的润湿性是非常重要的,而含水率对木材润湿性具有极为重要的影响。以胶黏剂在桦木表面的润湿眭能为着眼点考虑胶接问题,采用单组分湿固化异氰酸酯胶黏剂粘接高含水率桦木,引入润湿模型,用平衡接触角θ和扩散-渗透系数K分别从胶滴的最终铺展状态和胶滴的扩散、渗透能力两个不同方面对润湿性能进行了描述,探讨了在高含水率条件下,桦木的润湿性能与胶接性能的内在联系。结果表明:桦木含水率从50%增大到90%时,含水率越高,桦木初始接触角越小,平衡接触角越大,扩散-渗透系数K值越小,胶液在桦木表面的润湿性能越不好,其胶接强度越低。     

6种防霉剂对毛竹重组材的防霉效果比较

以毛竹加缝竹篾为原料压制竹重组材,采用6种防霉剂分别对竹篾和板材试件作浸渍或涂布处理。经过1个月的防霉处理后,比较不同防霉剂、不同处理方法其防治效力的优劣,筛选出适用于毛竹重组材的2种低毒、高效防霉剂及其最佳处理方法。     

不同氮磷钾配比对仙客来生长的影响

对仙客来无土栽培营养液中N、P、K元素采用三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,探讨不同浓度氮磷钾对仙客来生长发育的影响,对仙客来的根长、根体积、球茎直径、花朵数、花瓣长、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量进行分析。结果表明:经方差分析和主成分分析得出,无土栽培仙客来氮、磷、钾最优组合方案为:86.6~263.4、60~100和250~400 mg/L,即氮:磷:钾为3∶1∶6.5。     

A simplified method for measuring dilute emulsion stability

A simple and rapid method for the assessment of the stability of diluted pesticide emulsifiable concentrates has been developed for use in China. It gives results comparable to those obtained with FAO and WHO methods. The importance of some other physical characteristics such as contact angle, surface tension and wetted area in pesticide application are also discussed.