Development of broad‐spectrum bacterial blight resistance into thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile lines

Two‐line hybrid rice technology is an effective way to increase rice production and improve rice quality. In this study, three bacterial blight (BB) resistance genes, Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23, were introgressed separately into C815S, a popular thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line to develop five BB‐resistant lines (Hua1005S, Hua1002S, Hua1009S, Hua1006S and Hua1001S) to be resistant against seven races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The two‐line hybrids with heterozygous Xa23 were resistant against seven Xoo strains. But, the hybrids with heterozygous loci for both Xa7 and Xa21 were only resistant against three Xoo strains and were moderately susceptible to the other four strains indicating the role of modifiers influencing the poor expression of dominant BB resistance genes under heterozygous state. Among them, Hua1006S was found to be a promising TGMS line with its higher degree of disease resistance level on account of broad‐spectrum resistance gene Xa23 besides possessing better plant type and rice grain quality features.     

玉米茎秆切断装置对比

对玉米茎秆切断-喂入一体化技术进行研究,分析了往复刀式、甩刀式和圆盘刀式3种玉米茎秆切断装置的优缺点,提出我国玉米收获过程中,需要大力发展茎秆先切断再喂入技术,重点研制推广装有圆盘刀式秸秆切断装置的玉米收获机。      

转基因抗虫核不育杂交棉川杂棉36

<正>川杂棉36(区试代号SCH26)是四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所以转基因抗虫核不育系GA18为母本,新品系R206为父本,采用核不育"一系两用法"选育的F1核不育杂交种,于2008-2009年参加并通过四川省区试,2011年通过四川省生产试验,2013年获转基因生物安全证书,证书编号:农基安证字(2013)第086号。2014年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编     

灰色理论在魔芋种质资源创新评价及育种中的应用

应用灰色理论对5份魔芋种质资源的6个主要农艺性状进行分析,评价创新种质的综合表现及各主要农艺性状的相互关系,以期为魔芋新品种选育提供科学依据。关联分析结果表明展开度、株高、叶片长是影响产量的主要因子。     

悬挂式玉米联合收获机挂接件标准化问题研究

通过对悬挂式玉米联合收获机具的生产、使用现状进行了理论分析和实验研究,探索对悬挂式玉米收获机挂接架进行标准化的可行性以及方法,并总结标准化过程中发现的问题和获得的经验,为我国农业机械标准化提供参考。     

广西野生毛葡萄种质资源性状评价

为了解决生产上低产不稳产和种质创新问题,2003年至2008年,对来自广西各地的124份野生毛葡萄种质进行结实和果实等性状调查和检验分析,主要性状为：萌芽期为4月12日,开花期为5月22日,成熟期为9月4日;萌芽率44.8%,变异幅度为15%~100%;结果枝率71.7%,变异幅度为12.5%~100%;每结果枝穗数2.2穗,变异幅度为1.2~4.1穗;坐果率27.1%,变异幅度为7.1%~56.1%;单穗重84.8 g,变异幅度为13.6~296.6 g;单果重1.5 g,变异幅度为0.8~2.8 g;可溶性固形物12.3%,变异幅度为9.3%~16.5%;有种子3.3粒,变异幅度为1.8~4.2粒;出汁率71.6%,变异幅度为63.4%~80.1%;水溶性总糖11.70 g/100mL,变异幅度为6.08~18.11 g/100mL;总酸2.05 g/100mL,变异幅度为1.10~3.14 g/100mL;单宁0.27 g/100mL,变异幅度为0.09~0.64 g/100mL;维生素C 0.67 mg/100mL,氨基酸总量315.6 mg/100mL。收集到综合性状优良的两性花原生种质。     

不同光周期和红蓝光质配比对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响

辣椒幼苗在光强(58±1)μmol/(m2·s)下,设置光周期24h(光/暗14h/10h)、12h(光/暗7h/5h)和6h(光/暗3.5h/2.5h)等3个水平,红蓝光光强比分别是7:1(7RB)和1:1(RB)等2个光质配比水平,共6个处理,经过30d后,对植株形态、生长、叶绿素含量、光合参数以及叶绿素荧光参数进行比较分析.试验表明P12-7RB下的辣椒幼苗地上干重和总叶面积最大,P6-RB处理的相对生长率(RGR)和比叶面积(SLA)比P24-RB分别高55.88%和23.62%.尽管P6-RB与P24-RB的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)无显著差异,但辣椒苗生长在P6-RB处理下表现出较高的光合系统的量子产额(ΦPSII)0.68mol/(m2·s),以及较低的非光化学淬灭(NPQ)0.17μmol/mol.P6、P12和P24处理的叶绿素含量无显著性差.RB下的幼苗与7RB下的幼苗相比具有显着更好的光合性能.试验表明辣椒可以适应非自然条件下的光周期.处理P6-RB补光参数对辣椒幼苗的生长最有利,可有效地用于植物厂,这为植物工厂延长光周期的实践应用提供了理论基础.     

A mixture neural methodology for computing rice consumptive water requirements in Fada N’Gourma Region, Eastern Burkina Faso

Crop consumptive water requirement (Crop-ET) is a key variable for developing management plans to optimize the efficiency of water use for crop production particularly in semiarid zone. In Burkina Faso, the unfavorable climatic conditions characterized by the low and unevenly distribution of rainfall have pushed water resources management to the forefront of the crop production issue. Crop-ET is extremely required in rainwater effective management for mitigating the impact of water deficit on the crops. Basically, Crop-ET determination involves reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc) which required complete climatic data and specific site crop information, respectively. ETo estimation with the recommended FAO56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is limited in Burkina Faso due to the numerous meteorological data required which are not always available in many production sites. In such circumstances, research to compute directly Crop-ET as an alternative to the two-step approach of calculating ETo and determining site specific Kc, seems desirable. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of a mixture principal component analysis neural network (PCANN) model for computing rice Crop-ET directly from temperatures data in Fada N’Gourma region located in Eastern Burkina Faso, Africa. From the statistical results, rice Crop-ET can be successfully computed by using PCANN methodology, when only temperatures data are available in this African semiarid environment. Thus, in poor data situation, Crop-ET direct computation can be rapidly addressed through PCANN model for agricultural water management in African semiarid regions.     

魔芋属植物花器生物学特性及其可交配性的研究

为了研究魔芋花器的主要生物学特性及其种间可交配性,以花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋、西盟魔芋、勐海魔芋为材料,观察记录花芽发育过程的主要生物学性状,用光学显微镜观察花粉形态特征,采用离体萌发法检测花粉活力,通过人工授粉鉴定其交配性。结果表明：5种魔芋花器形态、色泽差异大,种内也有不同的变异,花魔芋与珠芽魔芋佛焰苞漏斗状,其余为舟状,其中花魔芋花器较大;光学显微镜下花粉粒形态不同;除珠芽魔芋外,其余4种魔芋种内异株杂交都表现出高度的亲和性,而种间正反交有差异,部分组合不亲和,以白魔芋为母本具有广亲和性。因此,白魔芋可作为魔芋亚种间基因交流的桥梁亲本。     

新型带式精量排种器的设计研究

针对当前排种器存在精量控制不准、排种损伤大及对高速作业适应性差的问题,开发了新型带式精量排种器(专利号为ZL20101020638.7)。通过对其工作过程的分析,结合试验所用玉米种子的物料学特性,确定了各主要结构参数和工作参数;最后,通过试验对其作业效果进行了检验。结果表明,该排种器具有播种精度高、空穴率低和作业无破损的特点,且重播率符合国家相关标准。该型排种器的开发对实现精量、无破损的高速播种具有重要的意义。