Retention of Selenium in Kidneys,Liver and Striated Muscle After Prolonged Feeding of Therapeutic Amounts of Sodium Selenite to Pigs

Sodium selenite was mixed in a commercial pig food so as to increase the original selenium content (0.126 ppm) by 1.2 ppm. The supplemented food was given to 7 pigs during 78 days. A control group of as many pigs was given the non-supplemented commercial food. The pigs were killed, starting 4 hours after the last selenium-supplemented food had been given and then with intervals during the next 14 days. Small but significant increases of tissue selenium were noticed in liver and striated muscle as compared with the control animals. The kidneys showed no increase.     

Quantitative Determination of Proteolytic,Lipolytic and Haemolytic Activities in Semen of Some Animal Species

1. Methods for quantitative determination of proteolytic, lipolytic and haemolytic activities and egg yolk factors in semen are described.2. Comparative quantitative determinations of these enzyme activities in the semen of goat, ram, bull, boar, dog and horse have been carried out.3. Special interest attaches to the egg yolk turbidity factor which is found in goat semen and, in small concentrations, also in boar semen.4. As each species appears to have its specific enzyme pattern, regular enzymatic control does not seem to have great significance.     

Studies on in Vitro Erythrocyte Uptake of I131-Labelled 1-Triiodothyronine as A Test of Thyroid Function in Dairy Cattle

Uptake of I¹³¹-labelled triiodothyronine by erythrocytes (EU test) as a test of thyroid function has been studied in cattle. The normal EU value for 141 Swedish Red-and-white cows was 6.99 ± 0.95 (range 4.45–10.23) at an incubation time of one hour. Statistically significantly higher values were obtained for newly-calved cows. The EU values for calves are significantly higher but by 12 to 18 months of age decline to the same level as for older cows.The principle of the test is described and the results obtained compared with those for human beings. The EU test is suitable for screening thyroid function for large groups of animals and for studying associations between thyroid activity and different production qualities.     

STUDIES ON WEED SPECIES OF THE GENUS POLYGONUM L.

Summary. Seeds of Polygonam persiaria were collected from seven localities during 1962. In 1963 plants of these seven populations were grown in the field and sampled at regular intervals over the period 21st June to 13th August. At all samplings there were differences between populations in total dry weight, in leaf area index and in total nitrogen content, and populations also differed in the date of flowering. The populations also differed significantly in relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate and relative nitrogen absorption rate. The variations in net assimilation rate did not appear to be closely associated with variations in leaf area index. Certain growth attributes were correlated with the latitude of origin, and it is tentatively suggested that the populations may represent genetically distinct latitudinal ecotypes.
Études sur des espèces de mauvaises herbes du genre Polygonum L.     

Effect of dietary inclusion of ascorbic acid and palm oil on the performance of laying hens in a hot tropical environment

1. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of including ascorbic acid (AA), palm oil or a combination of both in the diets of laying hens during the hot months in a tropical environment.

2. The inclusion of AA improved egg production, food intake and efficiency of utilisation, and decreased the cost of food per kg egg. The addition of 400 mg AA/kg diet gave the most efficient performance.

3. Palm oil inclusion reduced the effect of heat stress and increased egg production, egg weight, food intake and efficiency of utilisation.

4. When 200 mg AA and 50 g palm oil/kg were used, additive responses were obtained with further improvements in egg production, food cost and efficiency.

5. Ascorbic acid and palm oil when fed alone or in combination reduced the incidence of cracked eggs.

6. Thus, 400 mg ascorbic acid/kg of diet, 50 g palm oil or 200 mg AA plus 50 g palm oil/kg diet ameliorated the effects of heat stress in laying hens.     

Contribution of lipoprotein lipase activity to the differential growth of three adipose tissue depots in young broiler chickens

1. The growth of three distinct adipose tissue depots around the abdomen, neck and thigh was measured in a commercial strain of broiler, and related to the changes in activity of lipoprotein lipase within each depot.

2. At 10 d of age there was no significant difference between the weights of the depots. Thereafter the abdominal fat pad exhibited a much greater rate of growth than the other two depots so that by 55 d of age the abdominal fat pad was 4 times the size of the leg depot and 3.4 times the size of the neck depot.

3. Changes in total lipoprotein lipase activity for all three depots showed a similar pattern to the changes in their weight.

4. When [¹⁴C]‐VLDL was injected intravenously into birds at 15 and 57 d of age the percentage taken up into the abdominal fat pad was greater than that into the other two depots at both ages. At 57 d of age the abdominal fat pad had a 2.3‐fold greater uptake than at 15 d whereas the other two depots showed no significant differences at the two ages.

5. These results provide further evidence for a key role of lipoprotein lipase in regulating adipose tissue growth in broilers. They also demonstrate that although the abdominal fat pad has been used in a number of studies of adipose tissue metabolism it is not necessarily representative of other depots.     

Rearing temperature and the meat yield of broilers

1. One hundred and twenty (60 male and 60 female) 21‐d‐old Ross 1 broiler chicks were reared in cages in rooms kept at 21°C or 31°C and were killed at body weights of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 kg.

2. Birds reared at either of the two temperatures ate similar quantities of food to reach their slaughter weight although at 31°C they took longer to reach it.

3. The meat yields of the birds at each slaughter weight were similar at both rearing temperatures, but at body weights greater than 2.0 kg, the broilers reared at 21 °C had more breast meat than those reared at 31°C.

4. Females ate more food than males to reach each of the slaughter weights. The females deposited more fat and had a greater skin weight than the males and, although they had a similar amount of total meat, they had more breast meat.     

Diurnal and seasonal occurrence,feeding habits and mating behavior ofMaladera matrida adults in Israel

Adult populations ofMaladera matrida Argaman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a beetle highly injurious to agricultural crops, were studied in the coastal plain of Israel from 1985 to 1988. There were two generations annually. Adults emerged in March, April or May and disappeared in October or November. The beetles are on the wing, mate, and feed at twilight and in the dark. Feeding and mating behavior, sex ratio, and preferred food plants were studied.